The Knowledge
📼 Why Did VHS Beat Betamax? The Format War That Changed Everything
Sony’s Betamax, despite superior technology, lost to JVC’s VHS due to strategic licensing, lower costs, and consumer preferences. VHS’s wider adoption and convenience in video rentals led to its dominance by the mid-1980s, leaving Betamax as a nostalgic relic.
In the early days of home video, two formats went head-to-head to win your living room: Sony’s Betamax and JVC’s VHS. On paper, Betamax was the better technology—sharper picture, better tape quality, and a head start on the market. So why did VHS win?
The answer isn’t just about resolution—it’s about strategy, licensing, and consumer habits. And it’s the subject of one of the first episodes in our brand-new video series: The Knowledge, now streaming on STM Daily News and our YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Reels channels.
🎞️ The Battle for Your VCR
Sony launched Betamax in 1975, positioning it as the premium option for recording and watching video at home. It offered higher resolution than VHS, and for a brief moment, it dominated the emerging home entertainment market.
But then came JVC—and a very different approach.
While Sony kept tight control over Betamax, JVC opened up VHS to dozens of manufacturers, creating a flood of compatible machines and tapes. VHS also offered longer recording times, letting users record full movies and sports games without switching tapes.
And perhaps most importantly? VHS was cheaper—both the tapes and the players. As more companies adopted VHS, video rental stores stocked up accordingly, and Betamax quickly lost shelf space and market share.
By the mid-1980s, the war was over. VHS became the standard, and Betamax faded into tech nostalgia.
🎥 Watch the Full Story in 60 Seconds
Our short-form video series, The Knowledge, is all about sharing bite-sized but impactful stories that explain how we got from then to now. The companion episode, “Why Did VHS Beat Betamax?”, is part of our subseries The Evolution of Video Tools—where we explore the game-changing devices and platforms that transformed content creation.
📺 Watch it now on:
STM Daily News YouTube Shorts TikTok @stmdailynews Instagram Reels @stmdailynews
📚 What is The Knowledge?
The Knowledge is STM Daily News’ new educational video series made for the scroll-happy but truth-hungry viewer. In 30 to 90 seconds, we uncover:
Forgotten inventors Behind-the-scenes tech stories Cultural turning points Historical events that still shape us today
New episodes drop weekly.
Follow us and subscribe to keep your facts straight and your curiosity fed.
🧠 Now you know.
— STM Daily News
Dive into “The Knowledge,” where curiosity meets clarity. This playlist, in collaboration with STMDailyNews.com, is designed for viewers who value historical accuracy and insightful learning. Our short videos, ranging from 30 seconds to a minute and a half, make complex subjects easy to grasp in no time. Covering everything from historical events to contemporary processes and entertainment, “The Knowledge” bridges the past with the present. In a world where information is abundant yet often misused, our series aims to guide you through the noise, preserving vital knowledge and truths that shape our lives today. Perfect for curious minds eager to discover the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of everything around us. Subscribe and join in as we explore the facts that matter. https://stmdailynews.com/the-knowledge/
Last Updated on November 13, 2026 by Daily News Staff
STM Daily News | November 12, 2026
Graffiti Cleanup Transforms Oceanwide Plaza
LOS ANGELES — The unfinished skyscrapers known as downtown Los Angeles’ “Graffiti Towers” have reached a visible milestone: most of the exterior tagging has been removed, although completing the long-stalled Oceanwide Plaza development remains a separate challenge.
City officials celebrated the cleanup November 12. According to the mayor’s office, crews cleared graffiti from roughly 250 balconies across the three-tower complex opposite Crypto.com Arena and near the Los Angeles Convention Center. Remaining work has included touch-ups on windows and other exterior areas.
Oceanwide Plaza was envisioned as a mixed-use destination with residences, a luxury hotel, shops and restaurants. Construction stopped in 2019 after Beijing-based developer Oceanwide Holdings could no longer finance the project.
In early 2024, trespassers covered the unfinished towers with graffiti, turning them into an internationally recognized sight. The property also attracted dangerous stunts and heightened concerns about security.
The development entered bankruptcy in February 2024. This July, a bankruptcy court approved a purchase arrangement involving KPC Square, a joint venture between KPC Group and Lendlease. Graffiti removal began while the acquisition was still pending.
What Comes Next for LA’s Graffiti Towers?
The partnership is targeting a January 2027 closing, according to the Los Angeles Business Journal. Financing, a construction contract and required approvals remain important steps before the development can be completed.
For downtown residents and businesses, the cleanup marks tangible progress at a prominent property. However, it does not mean the towers are ready to open, and no firm opening date has been announced.
Sources
- Los Angeles Mayor’s Office, November 12, 2026: https://mayor.lacity.gov/news/mayor-bass-celebrates-graffiti-removal-oceanwide-plaza-clearing-way-full-restoration-and
- Los Angeles Business Journal, November 9, 2026: https://labusinessjournal.com/real-estate/cleaning-up-oceanwide/
- City News Service / MyNewsLA, November 12, 2026: https://mynewsla.com/life/2026/11/12/graffiti-cleanup-milestone-marked-at-oceanwide-plaza-in-downtown-la/
Forgotten Genius Fridays
David Crosthwait: The Engineer Behind Indoor Comfort
David Crosthwait helped solve the challenges of heating large buildings, including Radio City Music Hall. Explore his inventions and lasting engineering legacy.
Forgotten Genius | STM Daily News
When audiences enter New York’s Radio City Music Hall, they notice the stage, the lights, and the sweeping auditorium. The engineering that keeps the building comfortable rarely receives applause.
One of the people behind that comfort was David Nelson Crosthwait Jr., a Black engineer and inventor whose work helped advance heating, ventilation, and temperature control in large buildings.
His career offers a reminder that some of the most useful inventions work quietly around us.
Solving the Problem of Heating Large Buildings
Heating a large building takes more than producing enough heat. Different areas can have different needs: one side may face bitter wind while another receives warming sunlight. Delivering the right amount of heat throughout the building requires careful control.
Crosthwait devoted much of his career to those challenges. A Purdue University engineering graduate, he worked for the C.A. Dunham Company, developing equipment and systems for heating and ventilation.
His inventions included improvements to boilers, thermostat controls, and vacuum pumps. These components helped engineers manage the movement and regulation of heat in larger buildings.
One example appears in U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965, granted in 1929. The patent describes a vacuum steam-heating system designed to serve different sections of a building at different steam pressures. That allowed the system to address varying heating needs while using a shared steam source.
Behind the technical drawing was a practical question: How could one building provide comfortable conditions in spaces that needed different amounts of heat?
His Connection to Radio City Music Hall
Crosthwait’s best-known projects included designing the steam-heating system for Radio City Music Hall at Rockefeller Center.
It was a fitting assignment for an engineer whose expertise centered on the demands of large buildings. While performers entertained audiences, the systems behind the scenes helped make the experience comfortable.
His contributions extended across a substantial body of work. The National Inventors Hall of Fame credits him with 39 U.S. patents and 80 international patents, spanning heating, refrigeration, controls, and other technologies.
Sharing Knowledge and Breaking Barriers
Crosthwait also helped other engineers learn. He wrote technical material, contributed to engineering guides, and later taught steam-heating theory and control systems at Purdue.
In 1971, he became the first Black Fellow of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Purdue awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1975, and the National Inventors Hall of Fame inducted him in 2014.
His legacy rests in the practical details of engineering: controlling pressure, improving equipment, and making complicated systems work together.
The next time you settle into a comfortable auditorium on a cold evening, consider the ingenuity behind that warmth. David Crosthwait helped make indoor comfort an engineering achievement worth remembering.
Discover more inventors and innovators through the Forgotten Genius series in The Knowledge at STM Daily News.
Related Links
- National Inventors Hall of Fame: David Crosthwait — Biography covering his inventions, patent totals, Radio City Music Hall work, teaching, and professional honors.
- Rockefeller Center: A Rock Center Innovator — Highlights his role in designing Radio City Music Hall’s steam-heating system.
- Original 1929 Patent: U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965 — Technical drawings and Crosthwait’s description of a steam-heating system serving different building sections at different pressures.
- Purdue University Libraries: Historical Timeline — Documents his 1913 graduation and contributions to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Sources: National Inventors Hall of Fame, Rockefeller Center, Purdue University Libraries, and U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965.
Daily News
LA Metro Rail Ridership Climbs 10% in October, but Bus Boardings Slip
LA Metro recorded 28.1 million boardings in October 2026. Rail ridership increased 10.1% from a year earlier, while bus boardings declined approximately 1.1%.
LOS ANGELES — LA Metro’s October 2026 ridership figures show that the agency’s rail network continued to gain passengers even as bus use declined slightly.
Metro recorded 28,094,014 total boardings during October, approximately 1.4% more than in October 2025. The modest systemwide increase masks a widening difference between the agency’s two principal modes.
Rail lines carried 6,965,472 passengers, an increase of about 10.1% year over year. Average weekday rail ridership rose even faster, climbing 13.4% from 216,796 boardings in October 2025 to 245,864 in October 2026. Average Saturday rail use increased 0.5%, while Sunday ridership rose 4.8%.
Bus ridership moved in the opposite direction. Metro buses recorded 21,128,542 boardings, approximately 1.1% fewer than a year earlier. Because buses still account for roughly three-quarters of Metro trips, that decline limited overall system growth despite the strong rail performance.
The October results extend a rail rebound reported in September, when Metro recorded 6.70 million rail trips and a 12.4% year-over-year increase. Metro attributed much of September’s growth to expanded rail access, including the first section of the D Line extension, which opened three stations at Wilshire/La Brea, Wilshire/Fairfax and Wilshire/La Cienega in May.
October averaged 1,008,485 systemwide weekday boardings, 3.2% above the October 2025 average. Saturday ridership declined slightly, while Sunday ridership was nearly unchanged.
The numbers suggest that Metro’s recent rail investments are attracting riders, but they also raise a question for the region’s transit recovery: why is bus ridership no longer growing at the same pace? Bus speed, service reliability and changing travel patterns will be important measures to watch as Metro builds new bus-priority projects and prepares for the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Metro’s figures are estimates published through its interactive ridership dashboard.
Sources
● LA Metro Interactive Ridership Dashboard
● Metro’s September 2026 ridership report
