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The Purple Line: Making History and Connecting L.A.
The Purple Line Extension Project: Connecting L.A., overcoming challenges, and unearthing history. #PurpleLine #LosAngeles #Transportation
Last Updated on April 10, 2024 by Daily News Staff
The completion of tunneling on the Purple Line Extension Project marks a significant milestone in the development of Los Angeles’ transportation system. With plans to connect Downtown Los Angeles with key areas of the Westside, this subway expansion project will not only alleviate traffic congestion but also create historical significance for the city. Let’s delve into the history, challenges, and cultural implications surrounding the Purple Line.
Wilshire Boulevard – A Legacy of Rail Ambitions:
Wilshire Boulevard has long been considered a prime location for rapid transit. However, throughout the years, mass transit initiatives faced various challenges, including bans on streetcars, failed monorail proposals, and shifts in subway alignments. Despite this tumultuous past, the Purple Line Extension Project is revitalizing the vision to connect millions of people to essential destinations.
Tunneling Technology Evolves:
The tunnelling process for the Purple Line has significantly progressed, thanks to advancements in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). These colossal drills, equipped with giant cutter heads, have improved safety, speed, and sustainability. Compared to earlier methods, modern TBMs utilize an ‘earth pressure balance’ technique, ensuring constant pressure in the surrounding soil during excavation. This progress allows for a sturdy, secure tunnel construction.
Completing Section by Section:
The project is divided into three sections, each unveiling a distinct aspect of Los Angeles’ history. Section 1, stretching from Wilshire/La Brea to Wilshire/Western, uncovered a trove of over 2,000 fossils, including mammoths, dire wolves, and giant sloths. Additionally, numerous anomalies were discovered, such as mysterious steel beams buried beneath the ground. Section 2, between La Cienega Avenue and Century City, revealed remnants of Century City’s past as it evolved from a former backlot. Beverly Hills High School also held abandoned oil wells, highlighting L.A.’s oil-rich history. Finally, Section 3 unearthed remnants of structures from the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers and Sailors, providing a glimpse into late 19th-century architecture.
Overcoming Challenges:
Excavating through tar-soaked soil presented immense challenges during the tunneling process. However, with perseverance, innovation, and new techniques, the TBMs successfully navigated 10 miles beneath the surface. Remarkably, this feat was accomplished without any complaints of noise or vibrations, a testament to meticulous planning and consideration for the surrounding communities.
Cultural and Historical Significance:
Los Angeles has a unique relationship with its underground realm. From the tar pits of Hancock Park to the city’s identity as an urban oil field, the subterranean world influences the collective psychology of Angelenos. The completion of the Purple Line tunnels represents a continuation of this connection between past and present. The underground holds a powerful allure, filled with fascination, myths, and hints of what the future holds.
The Purple Line Extension Project is not just a transportation endeavor; it is a historic achievement for Los Angeles. Overcoming hurdles, preserving fossils, and unearthing remnants of the city’s past, this project symbolizes the city’s unwavering dedication to creating a comprehensive, efficient, and sustainable transit system. As the final phases of construction and station development progress, the Purple Line will connect communities, create opportunities, and leave an indelible mark on the city’s history.
Transportation
FAA Nationwide Ground Stop Disrupts Thousands of Flights, Exposes Aging Air Traffic Control Infrastructure
FAA nationwide ground stop on November 13, 2026, disrupts U.S. flights and raises concerns about aging air traffic control infrastructure.
Last Updated on November 14, 2026 by Daily News Staff
Major communications and radar disruptions temporarily halted departures across the United States on Friday, raising fresh concerns about the reliability of the nation’s aviation infrastructure.
A major technical failure involving the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) air traffic control systems triggered a nationwide ground stop on Friday, November 13, 2026, disrupting thousands of flights and leaving travelers stranded at airports across the United States.
The FAA temporarily suspended aircraft departures as technicians worked to address communications and radar system problems that threatened the reliability of air traffic control operations.
The nationwide ground stop reportedly began at approximately 3:54 p.m. Eastern Time and was lifted around 8:15 p.m., lasting more than four hours.
Aging Technology Raises Safety Concerns
According to reports, the disruption involved aging telecommunications equipment within the nation’s air traffic control infrastructure.
Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy indicated that older equipment experienced problems as newer technology was integrated into the network, resulting in intermittent communications and radar information failures.
Officials reported no evidence that the outage resulted from a cyberattack.
The incident highlights ongoing concerns about the FAA’s aging infrastructure and the challenges of modernizing critical aviation systems while maintaining safe and reliable operations.
Phoenix Airports Among Those Affected
The disruption also affected air travel throughout Arizona, including Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, and Scottsdale Airport.
At Phoenix Sky Harbor, local reports indicated approximately 338 flight delays and 155 cancellations by Friday evening.
Nationwide, early reports indicated more than 10,000 delayed flights and over 4,000 cancellations, with an estimated 1.5 million passengers affected.
Airlines continued working to restore normal schedules after the FAA lifted the ground stop.
Questions Remain About System Reliability
The incident has renewed attention on efforts to replace outdated air traffic control equipment and strengthen the resilience of the national aviation network.
Although departures resumed Friday evening, the disruption raised important questions about whether the FAA’s existing infrastructure can adequately support growing air traffic demands.
Federal aviation officials are expected to continue evaluating the failure and measures needed to prevent similar nationwide disruptions.
For travelers, the incident serves as a reminder that a technical problem affecting the nation’s aviation network can quickly create widespread delays, cancellations, and travel uncertainty.
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Sources and Further Information
Last Updated on November 13, 2026 by Daily News Staff
STM Daily News | November 12, 2026
Graffiti Cleanup Transforms Oceanwide Plaza
LOS ANGELES — The unfinished skyscrapers known as downtown Los Angeles’ “Graffiti Towers” have reached a visible milestone: most of the exterior tagging has been removed, although completing the long-stalled Oceanwide Plaza development remains a separate challenge.
City officials celebrated the cleanup November 12. According to the mayor’s office, crews cleared graffiti from roughly 250 balconies across the three-tower complex opposite Crypto.com Arena and near the Los Angeles Convention Center. Remaining work has included touch-ups on windows and other exterior areas.
Oceanwide Plaza was envisioned as a mixed-use destination with residences, a luxury hotel, shops and restaurants. Construction stopped in 2019 after Beijing-based developer Oceanwide Holdings could no longer finance the project.
In early 2024, trespassers covered the unfinished towers with graffiti, turning them into an internationally recognized sight. The property also attracted dangerous stunts and heightened concerns about security.
The development entered bankruptcy in February 2024. This July, a bankruptcy court approved a purchase arrangement involving KPC Square, a joint venture between KPC Group and Lendlease. Graffiti removal began while the acquisition was still pending.
What Comes Next for LA’s Graffiti Towers?
The partnership is targeting a January 2027 closing, according to the Los Angeles Business Journal. Financing, a construction contract and required approvals remain important steps before the development can be completed.
For downtown residents and businesses, the cleanup marks tangible progress at a prominent property. However, it does not mean the towers are ready to open, and no firm opening date has been announced.
Sources
- Los Angeles Mayor’s Office, November 12, 2026: https://mayor.lacity.gov/news/mayor-bass-celebrates-graffiti-removal-oceanwide-plaza-clearing-way-full-restoration-and
- Los Angeles Business Journal, November 9, 2026: https://labusinessjournal.com/real-estate/cleaning-up-oceanwide/
- City News Service / MyNewsLA, November 12, 2026: https://mynewsla.com/life/2026/11/12/graffiti-cleanup-milestone-marked-at-oceanwide-plaza-in-downtown-la/
Forgotten Genius Fridays
David Crosthwait: The Engineer Behind Indoor Comfort
David Crosthwait helped solve the challenges of heating large buildings, including Radio City Music Hall. Explore his inventions and lasting engineering legacy.
Forgotten Genius | STM Daily News
When audiences enter New York’s Radio City Music Hall, they notice the stage, the lights, and the sweeping auditorium. The engineering that keeps the building comfortable rarely receives applause.
One of the people behind that comfort was David Nelson Crosthwait Jr., a Black engineer and inventor whose work helped advance heating, ventilation, and temperature control in large buildings.
His career offers a reminder that some of the most useful inventions work quietly around us.
Solving the Problem of Heating Large Buildings
Heating a large building takes more than producing enough heat. Different areas can have different needs: one side may face bitter wind while another receives warming sunlight. Delivering the right amount of heat throughout the building requires careful control.
Crosthwait devoted much of his career to those challenges. A Purdue University engineering graduate, he worked for the C.A. Dunham Company, developing equipment and systems for heating and ventilation.
His inventions included improvements to boilers, thermostat controls, and vacuum pumps. These components helped engineers manage the movement and regulation of heat in larger buildings.
One example appears in U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965, granted in 1929. The patent describes a vacuum steam-heating system designed to serve different sections of a building at different steam pressures. That allowed the system to address varying heating needs while using a shared steam source.
Behind the technical drawing was a practical question: How could one building provide comfortable conditions in spaces that needed different amounts of heat?
His Connection to Radio City Music Hall
Crosthwait’s best-known projects included designing the steam-heating system for Radio City Music Hall at Rockefeller Center.
It was a fitting assignment for an engineer whose expertise centered on the demands of large buildings. While performers entertained audiences, the systems behind the scenes helped make the experience comfortable.
His contributions extended across a substantial body of work. The National Inventors Hall of Fame credits him with 39 U.S. patents and 80 international patents, spanning heating, refrigeration, controls, and other technologies.
Sharing Knowledge and Breaking Barriers
Crosthwait also helped other engineers learn. He wrote technical material, contributed to engineering guides, and later taught steam-heating theory and control systems at Purdue.
In 1971, he became the first Black Fellow of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Purdue awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1975, and the National Inventors Hall of Fame inducted him in 2014.
His legacy rests in the practical details of engineering: controlling pressure, improving equipment, and making complicated systems work together.
The next time you settle into a comfortable auditorium on a cold evening, consider the ingenuity behind that warmth. David Crosthwait helped make indoor comfort an engineering achievement worth remembering.
Discover more inventors and innovators through the Forgotten Genius series in The Knowledge at STM Daily News.
Related Links
- National Inventors Hall of Fame: David Crosthwait — Biography covering his inventions, patent totals, Radio City Music Hall work, teaching, and professional honors.
- Rockefeller Center: A Rock Center Innovator — Highlights his role in designing Radio City Music Hall’s steam-heating system.
- Original 1929 Patent: U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965 — Technical drawings and Crosthwait’s description of a steam-heating system serving different building sections at different pressures.
- Purdue University Libraries: Historical Timeline — Documents his 1913 graduation and contributions to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
Sources: National Inventors Hall of Fame, Rockefeller Center, Purdue University Libraries, and U.S. Patent No. 1,727,965.
