News
‘Childless cat ladies’ have long contributed to the welfare of American children − and the nation
Jane Addams and contemporaries like Katharine Bement Davis exemplified alternative motherhood, advocating for public welfare and women’s rights, challenging narrow definitions of motherhood.
Anya Jabour, University of Montana
Parenting, single people and the U.S. birth rate have assumed a greater place in the 2024 presidential campaign than any race in recent memory.
Republican vice presidential candidate JD Vance was widely rebuked for criticisms he lodged in 2021 against “childless cat ladies,” saying they have no “physical commitment” to the country’s future.
In August 2024, Arkansas Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders, also a Republican, piled on, saying Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris has no children to “keep her humble,” even though she’s stepmother to two children who call her “Mamala.”
As a historian of women, families and children in the U.S., I see these biological definitions of motherhood as too narrowly conceived. The past can serve as a reminder that other forms of mothering are important, too.
My research offers a broader perspective on women’s experiences of mothering and a deeper understanding of how women without biological children contribute to the nation and its future.
‘Mothers of all children’
One such woman was Katharine Bement Davis, the subject of my current research.
Born in Buffalo, New York, in 1860, Davis was a member of a generation of “new women” who pursued higher education, built professional careers and fought for political rights.
Other women of this generation included Nobel Peace Prize winner Jane Addams, public health nurse Lillian Wald, prison reformer Miriam Van Waters, child welfare advocate Julia Lathrop, social work pioneer Sophonisba Breckinridge and first lady Eleanor Roosevelt – to name just a few.
Of this group, only Roosevelt had children of her own. But all of them saw themselves as “mothers of all children,” as one historian has described juvenile justice advocates. Accepting responsibility for the nation’s welfare, they used their identity as public mothers to shape American politics.
In a 1927 letter to her college classmates, Davis whimsically reflected on her life choices:
“First, I am still an old maid; therefore, I cannot write interesting things about my husband and children, (and) how I have treated him and how I have raised them. First and last, however, I have had a good deal to do in the way of looking after other people’s husbands and children.”
Indeed, Davis’ life illustrated the many meanings of motherhood.
Like many ostensibly childless women, Davis was a doting aunt. With her unmarried sisters, Helen and Charlotte, she helped care for her only niece, Frances, whose mother died when she was just a toddler. In the mid-1920s, Frances lived with all three aunts while attending school in New York City.
Black feminist scholars call this sort of arrangement, long practiced in African American communities, “othermothering.”
Davis and other white women of her generation also engaged in the practice of caring for children, whether through formal adoption or informal caregiving. For instance, Breckinridge helped raise her nieces and nephews, while Van Waters legally adopted a daughter.
‘Maternalism the coming great force in government’
Throughout her life, Davis used what she called “the methods of motherhood” to promote public welfare.
After teaching school in western New York , establishing a playground in a working-class neighborhood in Philadelphia and supervising young offenders in upstate New York, Davis became New York City’s first female commissioner of correction in 1914.
Only months into her term, male inmates at Blackwell’s Island Penitentiary staged a major riot. Davis quelled the rebellion and established her own authority by addressing the refractory prisoners like wayward children. “You fellows must behave,” she pronounced. “I’ll have it no other way.”
After successfully using “motherly methods” to regain control of “the bad boys of Blackwell’s Island,” Davis proclaimed that “maternalism” was “the coming great force in government.”
Echoing her colleagues in the suffrage movement, Davis used the language of maternalism to promote women’s voting rights. Like other feminist pacifists, she believed that women were “the mother half of humanity.” Finally, like many women activists in the U.S. and Europe, she believed that all women – whether they had children of their own or not – were responsible for all children’s welfare.
Insisting that “wise motherhood” was essential to better government, Davis argued that women needed the vote – and that the nation needed women voters. Maternalist activists also promoted juvenile justice, parks and playgrounds, health care programs and financial assistance for needy families and children, laying the groundwork for the modern welfare state.
Giving women the right to choose
While she promoted public welfare and demanded political rights, Davis also advocated for what she and her contemporaries called “voluntary motherhood” – the idea that women should be able to control their reproductive lives.
Davis supported efforts to overturn the Comstock Act of 1873, which defined contraception and abortion as obscene and made distributing birth control information or devices through the U.S. postal service a federal crime.
States followed federal precedent by adopting “mini-Comstock Laws” criminalizing birth control. By the 1920s, however, some states permitted physicians to prescribe contraceptives – such as diaphragms and spermicides – to protect the health of their female patients.
When she surveyed 1,000 married women for a study of female sexuality in the 1920s, Davis found that most of her study subjects used contraceptives. In addition, nearly 1 in 10 reported having had at least one abortion, even though the procedure was illegal in every state.
And when Davis asked the women about their views on contraception – or as the survey put it, “the use of means to render parenthood voluntary instead of accidental” – she found that about three-quarters of them approved of it.
When the childless take charge
So-called childless women like Davis have shown that they have a stake in children’s welfare, women’s welfare and the nation’s welfare.
Over the past century, maternalists and feminists often have worked together to achieve their aims. Indeed, sometimes they were the same people.
But today, it seems that Republican politicians are attempting to drive a wedge between mothers and others. As a recent New York Times article put it, “the politics of motherhood” have become a “campaign-trail cudgel.”
However, as Davis understood, many issues that affect mothers are important to all women. Moreover, Davis believed that everyone – not just biological mothers – shares the responsibility for the health and welfare of future generations. Finally, she insisted that women should control their own destinies.
So, was Davis a childless cat lady?
Well, a grainy photo of her cuddling a kitten suggests that she did love cats.
As for her childless status, when you consider the full range of her work on behalf of the nation’s children, the answer becomes a bit more complicated.
Anya Jabour, Regents Professor of History, University of Montana
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
The Bridge is a section of the STM Daily News Blog meant for diversity, offering real news stories about bona fide community efforts to perpetuate a greater good. The purpose of The Bridge is to connect the divides that separate us, fostering understanding and empathy among different groups. By highlighting positive initiatives and inspirational actions, The Bridge aims to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. This section brings to light stories of individuals and organizations working tirelessly to promote inclusivity, equality, and mutual respect. Through these narratives, readers are encouraged to appreciate the richness of diverse perspectives and to participate actively in building stronger, more cohesive communities.
https://stmdailynews.com/the-bridge
Discover more from Daily News
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
In the rich tapestry of Phoenix’s transportation history, few stories are as poignant as that of ValTrans—the ambitious mass transit project that never came to fruition. ValTrans was envisioned as a 103-mile elevated rail system in the Valley, mirroring the successful Vancouver, British Columbia SkyTrain. Despite the potential it held for transforming the region’s transit landscape, it became another casualty of voter skepticism, ultimately shaping the future of public transportation in Phoenix in unexpected ways.
A Grand Vision
With a vision to ease traffic congestion and lessen environmental impact, ValTrans was designed to be a comprehensive public transit solution. The proposal included more than just elevated rail lines; it also envisioned 1,500 new buses and a commuter train connecting Chandler and downtown Phoenix. Additionally, it promised a hefty investment of $300 million for freeway improvements. Hiring the very architect behind the SkyTrain, the ValTrans proponents aimed high and laid out a plan that positioned public transit as a viable alternative to the region’s car-centric culture.
The Voter Response
However, when the proposal went to vote, the response was lukewarm at best. In a sweeping rejection, Maricopa County voters turned down ValTrans with a staggering 2-to-1 margin. The defeat raised eyebrows and left many pondering the reasons behind such overwhelming voter disapproval. Critics had their say, labeling the proposal a boondoggle—too costly, too intricate, and perhaps too ambitious for a city that was still very much reliant on cars. Unsubstantiated rumors circulated that strong opposition from areas like Scottsdale and Sun City played a role in the proposal’s downfall, but the reality was more complex and rooted in broader concerns about urban planning and funding.
The Ripple Effects
Former Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard reflects on the impact of ValTrans’s rejection, noting that without it, the growth patterns in the Valley would have been markedly different. The absence of an effective mass transit system stoked suburban sprawl and decentralized housing developments, leading to longer commutes and an increasing reliance on automobiles. Had ValTrans passed, Goddard believes we would have seen a more concentrated urban development pattern with housing and amenities clustered around transit lines—promoting walkable communities and reducing environmental footprints.
It wasn’t until nearly two decades later that light rail finally made its way into the Valley with the launch of a 29.8-mile system, which continues to expand. Though Valley Metro has made significant strides with light rail and partner streetcar services in cities like Tempe, many still ponder the “what-ifs” of ValTrans.
Reflecting on the Legacy
While the current system caters to a growing population, the lessons learned from ValTrans serve as a cautionary tale for future transit initiatives. It highlights the importance of voter engagement, education, and the need to address community concerns comprehensively. As urban areas grapple with the challenges of growth and sustainability, the vision of ValTrans stands as a reminder of how critical public transit can be in shaping our cities.
Today, as we navigate the complexities of modern transportation needs, we must remember that ambition and vision, when coupled with public support, can rewrite the narrative of urban living. ValTrans may have been “the one that got away,” but its story continues to resonate as Phoenix looks toward a future where public transportation can finally take its rightful place in the Valley’s growth story.
Related Links:
https://www.axios.com/local/phoenix/2023/08/14/phoenix-valtrans-delayed-light-rail-expansion-decades
https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/valtrans-derailed-6412784
The Bridge is a section of the STM Daily News Blog meant for diversity, offering real news stories about bona fide community efforts to perpetuate a greater good. The purpose of The Bridge is to connect the divides that separate us, fostering understanding and empathy among different groups. By highlighting positive initiatives and inspirational actions, The Bridge aims to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. This section brings to light stories of individuals and organizations working tirelessly to promote inclusivity, equality, and mutual respect. Through these narratives, readers are encouraged to appreciate the richness of diverse perspectives and to participate actively in building stronger, more cohesive communities.
https://stmdailynews.com/the-bridge
Author
Discover more from Daily News
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
In a remarkable testament to human ingenuity and collaboration, NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission concluded with a successful splashdown at 3:29 a.m. EDT Friday, just off the coast of Pensacola, Florida. This milestone marks the end of a nearly eight-month scientific expedition—NASA’s eighth commercial crew rotation mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
Crew-8: A Journey to Remember
The Crew-8 mission launched on March 3 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Astronauts Matthew Dominick, Michael Barratt, and Jeanette Epps, along with Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Grebenkin, spent an impressive 232 days living and working aboard the ISS. During their time in space, the crew traveled nearly 100 million miles and completed an astounding 3,760 orbits around Earth, all while pushing the boundaries of human exploration.
Science in Space
The Crew-8 mission was not just about being in space; it was about advancing our understanding of the universe and improving life on Earth. The crew engaged in a variety of groundbreaking research projects aimed at enhancing human health, both in space and on our planet. Some highlights of their work included:
- Stem Cell Research: The astronauts developed organoid models to study degenerative diseases, a vital step in understanding potential treatments and therapies.
- Material Flammability Studies: Investigating the effects of fuel temperature on material flammability in the unique environment of space could lead to safer spacecraft and equipment for future missions.
- Spaceflight and Immune Function: The team studied how prolonged exposure to spaceflight influences the immune system of astronauts, which is crucial for ensuring their health during long-duration missions.
These research endeavors contribute significantly to space medicine and help prepare for future human exploration beyond low Earth orbit, potentially easing the challenges of long-term space travel.
Safe Return and Next Steps
Upon splashdown, recovery teams from NASA and SpaceX were quick to secure the spacecraft and assist the returning astronauts as they exited. The crew will now make their way to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, where they will debrief and reflect on their experiences. Meanwhile, the Dragon spacecraft will be returned to SpaceX facilities at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station for inspection and refurbishment—readying it for future missions.
The Crew-8 mission’s return is particularly notable, as it follows the arrival of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 team to the ISS on September 29. Both missions are part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, an initiative focused on providing reliable access to space through partnerships with private companies. This collaborative approach maximizes the use of the ISS for research and development and supports future missions aimed at deep space exploration.
Looking Ahead
As we celebrate the successful return of Crew-8, we also look ahead to the future of space exploration. The insights gained from this mission will not only enhance our ability to live and work in space but will also contribute to advancements that benefit humanity on Earth. The journey of exploration is far from over, and with missions like Crew-8 paving the way, we are excited to see what lies ahead in our quest to understand the cosmos. Welcome back, Crew-8!
Learn more about NASA’s Commercial Crew program at:
https://www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew
The science section of our news blog STM Daily News provides readers with captivating and up-to-date information on the latest scientific discoveries, breakthroughs, and innovations across various fields. We offer engaging and accessible content, ensuring that readers with different levels of scientific knowledge can stay informed. Whether it’s exploring advancements in medicine, astronomy, technology, or environmental sciences, our science section strives to shed light on the intriguing world of scientific exploration and its profound impact on our daily lives. From thought-provoking articles to informative interviews with experts in the field, STM Daily News Science offers a harmonious blend of factual reporting, analysis, and exploration, making it a go-to source for science enthusiasts and curious minds alike. https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/
Discover more from Daily News
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
Hey there, pickleball fans and community members! Welcome back to Sleeve’s Senior Pickleball Report, where we keep you in the loop about all things pickleball. Today, we’re serving up a controversial topic that’s making waves over at El Quito Park in Saratoga, California. Grab your paddles and a snack as we dive into the noise — and not just the joyful sound of pickleball!
The Pickleball Factor
Thanks to a booming interest during the pandemic, Saratoga recently added two brand-spankin’-new pickleball courts to great fanfare. But what started as a way to enjoy the game has quickly turned into a cacophony that has some locals reconsidering their living arrangements. As reported by Isha Trivedi in the East Bay Times, the sound from the courts has led to complaints from nearby residents about what they describe as a “bombardment of noise.” Even long-time locals like Zack Petersen, who’s enjoyed three decades in the area, are expressing their frustrations. Zack went as far as to say the noise sounds like “shotguns” — yikes!
Check out the article: https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/09/16/pickleballs-bombardment-of-noise-rule-breakers-and-fence-climbers-at-saratoga-courts-lead-to-100000-soundproofing-and-lock-costs-after-neighbor-complaints/
It’s not just the noise that’s causing concern. With no installed lights on the courts, players often bring their own lighting, keeping matches going late into the night, sometimes past midnight. With the city struggling to enforce playtime limits, it’s clear why some residents are feeling overwhelmed.
In response to the uproar, Saratoga’s City Council has earmarked a whopping $100,000 to install soundproofing panels and a new magnetic locking system to keep the courts quieter and more organized. But here’s the catch — Zack fears this might just be a “band-aid” on the real issue. He’s observed that dedicated players have been known to climb over fences to keep the games alive even after the gates are locked. A real pickle indeed!
Despite the pushback from some neighbors, not all pickleball players are brushing off the complaints. Local pickleball ambassador Jason Tseng recognizes the need for soundproofing that works for both players and residents. He pointed out that how the city implements these sound-dampening measures could actually create an echo chamber within the courts, enhancing the noise inside rather than reducing it outside. Double yikes!
So, where does that leave us? With pickleball’s rising popularity, it’s clear something needs to be done to keep the spirit of the game alive while respecting the local community. We’re eager to hear your thoughts!
Do you think pickleball noise is a real issue for local neighborhoods, or is it just part of the game’s charm? Should the city invest in soundproofing and locking systems, or is that a waste of funds? We invite you to share your opinions and experiences in the comments below. Let’s keep the conversation going and work towards solutions that benefit everyone involved!
Until next time, keep it friendly on the courts and consider your volume levels — your neighbors will thank you! And don’t forget… Let’s Pickle!
—Sleeves
Get the latest updates and information on the rapidly growing sport of pickleball, specifically designed for the senior community aged 50+. Check out Sleeve’s Senior Pickleball Report on YouTube to stay informed and up-to-date with the ever-changing world of pickleball. Join the community and stay ahead of the game. https://stmdailynews.com/sleeves-senior-pickleball-report/
Author
Discover more from Daily News
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
-
Urbanism1 year agoSignal Hill, California: A Historic Enclave Surrounded by Long Beach
-
News2 years agoDiana Gregory Talks to us about Diana Gregory’s Outreach Services
-
Senior Pickleball Report2 years agoThe Absolute Most Comfortable Pickleball Shoe I’ve Ever Worn!
-
Senior Pickleball Report2 years agoACE PICKLEBALL CLUB TO DEBUT THEIR HIGHLY ANTICIPATED INDOOR PICKLEBALL FRANCHISES IN THE US, IN EARLY 2023
-
STM Blog1 year agoWorld Naked Gardening Day: Celebrating Body Acceptance and Nature
-
Automotive2 years ago2023 Nissan Sentra pricing starts at $19,950
-
Travel2 years agoUnique Experiences at the CitizenM
-
Senior Pickleball Report2 years ago“THE PEOPLE’S CHOICE AWARDS OF PICKLEBALL” – VOTING OPEN