The Knowledge
🚦 Who Really Invented the Modern Traffic Light?
The modern traffic light, largely attributed to Garrett Morgan’s 1923 invention, introduced a critical yellow warning light that improved public safety. Despite his significant impact on traffic systems, Morgan’s contributions have often been overlooked due to historical racism.

When you think about the traffic light, you probably picture green for go, red for stop, and maybe a frustrated glance at the yellow. But have you ever stopped to ask: Who actually invented this system we take for granted every day?
The story of the modern traffic light isn’t just about technology—it’s about innovation, public safety, and a Black inventor named Garrett Morgan who changed the way we move through the world.
🔦 Early Traffic Signals: A Dangerous Beginning
Before cars dominated streets, early attempts at traffic control involved manual policing and hand signals. In 1868, the first gas-powered traffic signal was installed in London outside the British Houses of Parliament. Designed by J.P. Knight, a railway engineer, this early signal exploded after just a month due to a gas leak—killing a police officer and abandoning the idea for years.
As cars became more common in the early 20th century, so did traffic jams—and accidents. Cities needed a safer, more efficient solution.
🛠️ Enter Garrett Morgan
In 1923, Garrett Morgan, an African-American inventor and entrepreneur from Cleveland, Ohio, received U.S. Patent No. 1,475,024 for a traffic control device that added a crucial feature: a “warning position” between stop and go. This idea is the basis for today’s yellow light.
His signal was:
- Manually operated
- T-shaped
- Designed to be mounted on a post
- And included a buffer phase to clear intersections before switching direction
This innovation was not only about traffic flow—it was about safety and preventing collisions at a time when automobile fatalities were rapidly increasing.
Morgan sold the rights to his invention to General Electric for $40,000 (equivalent to over $700,000 today), though his contributions were overlooked for decades.
👉 View the full patent on Google Patents
⚙️ Was Morgan the
Only
Inventor?
No. Traffic signal history has multiple contributors:
- Lester Wire, a Salt Lake City policeman, created an electric traffic light prototype in 1912.
- William Ghiglieri patented an automatic signal in 1917.
- Garrett Morgan’s version stood out for its practical innovation—the transitional phase—and for being one of the first widely adopted and commercially viable versions.
In other words, Morgan helped move the traffic light from an experimental device to a nationwide safety standard.
🎥 Watch the Story in 60 Seconds
We break this story down in our latest Forgotten Genius Fridays episode from The Knowledge series on STM Daily News.
📺 Watch “Who Really Invented the Modern Traffic Light?” here: https://youtu.be/cS-emlzhjjk
✊ Why Garrett Morgan Deserves More Recognition
Garrett Morgan’s impact goes far beyond traffic lights. He also invented a gas mask used by firefighters and soldiers, and he launched one of the first Black-owned newspapers in the U.S.
He was a true innovator, working in an era where his contributions were often ignored due to racism. Today, we honor his legacy by telling his story and recognizing how his vision saved countless lives.
🧠 Now you know.
— STM Daily News
Dive into “The Knowledge,” where curiosity meets clarity. This playlist, in collaboration with STMDailyNews.com, is designed for viewers who value historical accuracy and insightful learning. Our short videos, ranging from 30 seconds to a minute and a half, make complex subjects easy to grasp in no time. Covering everything from historical events to contemporary processes and entertainment, “The Knowledge” bridges the past with the present. In a world where information is abundant yet often misused, our series aims to guide you through the noise, preserving vital knowledge and truths that shape our lives today. Perfect for curious minds eager to discover the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of everything around us. Subscribe and join in as we explore the facts that matter. https://stmdailynews.com/the-knowledge/
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The Knowledge
📺 From Cable to Clicks: How Public Access TV Paved the Way for Social Media

“From Public Access to Social Media.” Image: AI
Before there were influencers, viral videos, and billion-view platforms, there was something raw, real, and radically democratic: public access television.
Born in the 1970s, public access TV was one of the first true experiments in community-driven media. And while it may seem like a relic of the analog past, its legacy is alive and well every time someone hits “post” on YouTube, TikTok, or Instagram.
🎤 What Was Public Access Television?
Public access television was part of the “PEG” system—Public, Educational, and Government access channels—mandated by the FCC and local cable providers to serve community needs. The public access arm gave everyday people a platform to create and share their own content, often with free or low-cost equipment provided by local studios.
There were no ads, no executives, and no creative restrictions (aside from legal limitations). Programming ranged from the bizarre to the brilliant—local news, activist messages, drag performances, punk rock shows, religious rants, DIY cooking series, and more. If you had something to say and the courage to get in front of a camera, you could be on the air.
🧪 Experimental, Inclusive, and Sometimes Outrageous
Public access TV wasn’t polished. It wasn’t corporate. It wasn’t predictable. And that was exactly the point.
It empowered:
Marginalized voices who couldn’t get airtime elsewhere. Aspiring creatives looking to test out new formats. Communities wanting to share local culture, ideas, and events.
In many ways, it was an open sandbox where media could be weird, wild, and wonderfully honest.
🌐 The Bridge to Social Media
Today, anyone with a smartphone can start a channel, build an audience, or go viral. But the foundation was laid decades earlier by public access.
Public Access TV
Modern Social Media
Community studios
Smartphones, apps, home setups
Broadcast on local cable channels
Global reach via internet
No advertising
Monetized, ad-supported
Free expression, limited censorship
Still a battleground for free speech
Niche, quirky content
Same—just with algorithms
The spirit of user-generated content—amateur, authentic, and accessible—is deeply rooted in the public access ethos. Creators like early YouTubers and digital activists have often cited public access as an inspiration.
🔄 A Full Circle Moment
Today’s digital platforms have expanded the reach and speed of content creation, but they also reintroduce challenges public access once bypassed—like algorithmic bias, platform censorship, and commercialization.
Ironically, as tech giants dominate digital communication, the original values of public access—local control, equal access, and creative freedom—are more relevant than ever.
🧠 Final Thought
Public access television may have existed before likes, shares, or subscribers—but it’s the ancestor of everything we now take for granted in social media. It showed us that the best stories don’t always come from studios, and the most important voices don’t always have a microphone—until they make one.
So next time you scroll through a creator’s feed or stumble on a strange but delightful video, remember:
📼 Public access walked so the internet could run
Related Links:
Public Access Television (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-access_television
Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984 (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Communications_Policy_Act_of_1984
Dive into “The Knowledge,” where curiosity meets clarity. This playlist, in collaboration with STMDailyNews.com, is designed for viewers who value historical accuracy and insightful learning. Our short videos, ranging from 30 seconds to a minute and a half, make complex subjects easy to grasp in no time. Covering everything from historical events to contemporary processes and entertainment, “The Knowledge” bridges the past with the present. In a world where information is abundant yet often misused, our series aims to guide you through the noise, preserving vital knowledge and truths that shape our lives today. Perfect for curious minds eager to discover the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of everything around us. Subscribe and join in as we explore the facts that matter. https://stmdailynews.com/the-knowledge/
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Forgotten Genius Fridays
💦 The Rocket Scientist Behind the Super Soaker
Lonnie Johnson, a NASA engineer, invented the Super Soaker, revolutionizing playtime after an accidental water release during an experiment. His success funded clean energy research and education initiatives.
It’s the ultimate summer toy. A backyard classic. A staple of water fights everywhere. But did you know the Super Soaker—one of the best-selling toys of all time—was invented by a NASA scientist?
This week on Forgotten Genius Fridays, part of our short video series The Knowledge, we’re telling the story of Lonnie Johnson, the brilliant engineer behind the water blaster that changed playtime forever.
👨🏾🔬 From Rocket Science to Soaking Wet
In 1982, Lonnie Johnson was working on a heat pump project in his bathroom. A former Air Force officer and NASA engineer, Johnson had already helped develop spacecraft systems, including work on the Galileo mission to Jupiter.
But one day, while experimenting with pressurized water and cooling systems, a valve released—and shot a stream of water across the room. That moment sparked a different kind of idea.
Johnson thought, “This would make a cool toy.”
🧪 The Road to the Super Soaker
Johnson built a prototype of a pressurized water gun unlike anything on the market. After years of rejections from toy companies, he finally licensed the design to Larami Corporation, a small toy maker that saw its potential.
In 1990, the Super Soaker hit store shelves—and exploded in popularity.
Within two years, it had sold over 20 million units, becoming a cultural phenomenon and sparking a line of high-powered water blasters. Eventually, Larami was acquired by Hasbro, which still sells Super Soakers today.
🌍 What Lonnie Johnson Did Next
Instead of just cashing in and disappearing, Johnson reinvested his success. He used Super Soaker royalties—estimated at over $1 billion in sales—to fund research in clean energy, including work on solid-state batteries and solar power.
He also founded the Johnson STEM Activity Center in Atlanta to help underserved students gain hands-on experience in science and technology.
📚 Learn more about Johnson’s inventions:
Lonnie Johnson’s Biography – Lemelson-MIT NIH Innovator Profile
🎥 Watch the Full Story in 60 Seconds
Catch our Forgotten Genius Fridays episode:
🎬 “Who Invented the Super Soaker?”
Now streaming on:
YouTube Shorts TikTok @stmdailynews Instagram Reels @stmdailynews
🔍 Why This Story Matters
Lonnie Johnson wasn’t just a toy inventor—he’s a prime example of how innovation, curiosity, and perseverance can lead to unexpected breakthroughs. He turned a burst of water in his lab into a global toy empire, and then turned that empire into a platform for real-world change.
In a world that often forgets its geniuses, we’re proud to remember this one.
🧠 Now you know.
— STM Daily News
Related Links:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Soaker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonnie_Johnson_(inventor)
Dive into “The Knowledge,” where curiosity meets clarity. This playlist, in collaboration with STMDailyNews.com, is designed for viewers who value historical accuracy and insightful learning. Our short videos, ranging from 30 seconds to a minute and a half, make complex subjects easy to grasp in no time. Covering everything from historical events to contemporary processes and entertainment, “The Knowledge” bridges the past with the present. In a world where information is abundant yet often misused, our series aims to guide you through the noise, preserving vital knowledge and truths that shape our lives today. Perfect for curious minds eager to discover the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of everything around us. Subscribe and join in as we explore the facts that matter. https://stmdailynews.com/the-knowledge/
STM Daily News is a multifaceted podcast that explores a wide range of topics, from life and consumer issues to the latest in food and beverage trends. Our discussions dive into the realms of science, covering everything from space and Earth to nature, artificial intelligence, and astronomy. We also celebrate the amateur sports scene, highlighting local athletes and events, including our special segment on senior Pickleball, where we report on the latest happenings in this exciting community. With our diverse content, STM Daily News aims to inform, entertain, and engage listeners, providing a comprehensive look at the issues that matter most in our daily lives. https://stories-this-moment.castos.com/
https://stmdailynews.com/title-dreambreaker-a-pickleball-story-premieres-april-11-on-trutv/
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The Evolution of Video Tools
📼 Why Did VHS Beat Betamax? The Format War That Changed Everything
Sony’s Betamax, despite superior technology, lost to JVC’s VHS due to strategic licensing, lower costs, and consumer preferences. VHS’s wider adoption and convenience in video rentals led to its dominance by the mid-1980s, leaving Betamax as a nostalgic relic.
In the early days of home video, two formats went head-to-head to win your living room: Sony’s Betamax and JVC’s VHS. On paper, Betamax was the better technology—sharper picture, better tape quality, and a head start on the market. So why did VHS win?
The answer isn’t just about resolution—it’s about strategy, licensing, and consumer habits. And it’s the subject of one of the first episodes in our brand-new video series: The Knowledge, now streaming on STM Daily News and our YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Reels channels.
🎞️ The Battle for Your VCR
Sony launched Betamax in 1975, positioning it as the premium option for recording and watching video at home. It offered higher resolution than VHS, and for a brief moment, it dominated the emerging home entertainment market.
But then came JVC—and a very different approach.
While Sony kept tight control over Betamax, JVC opened up VHS to dozens of manufacturers, creating a flood of compatible machines and tapes. VHS also offered longer recording times, letting users record full movies and sports games without switching tapes.
And perhaps most importantly? VHS was cheaper—both the tapes and the players. As more companies adopted VHS, video rental stores stocked up accordingly, and Betamax quickly lost shelf space and market share.
By the mid-1980s, the war was over. VHS became the standard, and Betamax faded into tech nostalgia.
🎥 Watch the Full Story in 60 Seconds
Our short-form video series, The Knowledge, is all about sharing bite-sized but impactful stories that explain how we got from then to now. The companion episode, “Why Did VHS Beat Betamax?”, is part of our subseries The Evolution of Video Tools—where we explore the game-changing devices and platforms that transformed content creation.
📺 Watch it now on:
STM Daily News YouTube Shorts TikTok @stmdailynews Instagram Reels @stmdailynews
📚 What is The Knowledge?
The Knowledge is STM Daily News’ new educational video series made for the scroll-happy but truth-hungry viewer. In 30 to 90 seconds, we uncover:
Forgotten inventors Behind-the-scenes tech stories Cultural turning points Historical events that still shape us today
New episodes drop weekly.
Follow us and subscribe to keep your facts straight and your curiosity fed.
🧠 Now you know.
— STM Daily News
Dive into “The Knowledge,” where curiosity meets clarity. This playlist, in collaboration with STMDailyNews.com, is designed for viewers who value historical accuracy and insightful learning. Our short videos, ranging from 30 seconds to a minute and a half, make complex subjects easy to grasp in no time. Covering everything from historical events to contemporary processes and entertainment, “The Knowledge” bridges the past with the present. In a world where information is abundant yet often misused, our series aims to guide you through the noise, preserving vital knowledge and truths that shape our lives today. Perfect for curious minds eager to discover the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of everything around us. Subscribe and join in as we explore the facts that matter. https://stmdailynews.com/the-knowledge/
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