Oren Reshef, Washington University in St. Louis; Abhay Aneja, University of California, Berkeley, and Michael Luca, Johns Hopkins University

Labeling businesses as Black-owned can significantly boost their sales, we found in a recent study.

In June 2020, the business-review website Yelp introduced a feature allowing consumers to search for Black-owned restaurants. As professors who study digitization, inequality and the economics of technology, we were interested in understanding its effect. So we analyzed more than two years of data from Yelp.

We found that restaurants labeled as Black-owned saw a 65% increase in online traffic, more searches and calls, and higher sales through food orders and in-person visits. These results suggest that for many Black-owned businesses, a simple change in their visibility can create new opportunities for growth.

However, the impact varied by location. The gains were strongest in politically liberal areas and places with lower levels of implicit racial bias, as measured by regional variation in implicit-association test scores. This suggests that platforms are in part channeling, as opposed to creating, customer demand. Interestingly, white customers drove most of the increase, suggesting the label helped raise awareness of businesses they might not have considered before.

This wasn’t just a 2020 trend – in follow-up analyses, we found similar results among businesses that opted into the feature later. We also collaborated with the online furniture company Wayfair, which launched a “Black Maker” label on its site in 2023, and found that it led to a 57% increase in web traffic. Finally, Yelp rolled out a Latino-owned label on the platform late that year, which led to a similar increase in consumer engagement.

Why it matters

This research has implications for business owners, digital platforms and policymakers. Growing awareness of racial inequality – partially driven by the Black Lives Matter movement, especially after the murder of George Floyd in 2020 — has led to increased corporate and customer interest in supporting minority-owned businesses. It also led many companies to make commitments to promote racial equity.

However, more recently, many companies have dismantled these efforts. For instance, Target recently announced that it was eliminating its program to spotlight Black-owned businesses. Our findings suggest that increasing the visibility of minority ownership – a relatively low-cost change – can substantially improve economic outcomes for Black-owned businesses.

Our results also show that diversity initiatives aren’t just about warm and fuzzy feelings. Businesses should measure and evaluate their impact to ensure their programs are effective. A well-designed program can benefit the bottom line, while a poorly designed one risks being ineffective or even counterproductive.

So it’s important to acknowledge the potential risks. Past research, including some of our own, indicates that revealing racial identity sometimes can lead to discrimination or backlash. While our findings suggest that labeling can have positive effects, a poorly implemented policy can backfire. Yelp’s initiative design empowered users looking to support Black-owned businesses while allowing other users to continue searching in alternative ways.

That means policy design is crucial. What matters isn’t just what information is revealed, but also how it’s communicated. Our analysis shows that customer demand and preferences vary considerably across locations and demographics, meaning that context also matters.

What still isn’t known

While our research suggests that businesses experienced economic benefits from adopting the label, it’s crucial to understand which policy designs work best in the long run. For instance, Yelp’s program used an opt-in feature, which may have contributed to its success.

However, open questions remain. How are platforms affected by labeling businesses? What other types of labels might be impactful, and for which types of businesses? Could some interventions backfire?

Another key question is, which customers respond to racial identity disclosures? Recent advances in data analytics can help companies refine their strategies, making it easier to target the right consumer groups for more effective initiatives.

Ultimately, our study is a step toward understanding how transparency and visibility can shape economic outcomes. It highlights a diversity initiative that has benefited both customers and businesses, and provides a road map for companies that want to design initiatives that matter. And, more broadly, it speaks to a question facing all companies: How can companies better understand and shape their societal footprint?

The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work.

Oren Reshef, Assistant Professor of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Washington University in St. Louis; Abhay Aneja, Assistant Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley, and Michael Luca, Director, Technology and Society Initiative, Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

(Family Features) For some, tax season represents the opportunity for a return and some much-needed relief for their bank accounts. Yet for others, it’s time to write a check to Uncle Sam. Ensure you’re up to date on all things 2025 taxes with this guidance from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the IRS. Tax Deadlines If you’re unable to file before the traditional April 15 deadline, you do have a few options. Filing for an extension provides an extra six months until Oct. 15, however, if you believe you will owe taxes, you’re required to estimate how much you owe and pay that amount alongside your extension form. Filing Your Taxes Each person’s tax situation is unique, but there is an assortment of options when it comes time to file. Some people (an estimated 100 million) are eligible to file their returns for free, such as seniors, those who speak English as a second language, those with incomes of less than $60,000, servicemembers and more. Be sure to check your eligibility for services like IRS Volunteer Income Tax Assistance, AARP Foundation Tax-Aide, The Tax Counseling for the Elderly, MyFreeTaxes, GetYourRefund, IRS Free File, MilTax and more. Accessing Your Refund Electronically filing and choosing direct deposit is the fastest way to receive your refund. The IRS typically issues refunds within 21 days, but issuance of a paper check may take 4-6 weeks. Make sure to have your account and routing numbers ready when filing your return. One alternate solution is to have your refund issued to a prepaid card that accepts direct deposit, but there may be fees involved. Check with the card provider to determine any applicable fees. Watch for Scams The IRS will not contact you by email, text message or social media to request personal or financial information. Scammers may impersonate the IRS to convince you to share personal information through the mail, telephone, email and beyond. Find more tax tips and information at irs.gov and visit eLivingtoday.com for additional financial advice.   Photo courtesy of Unsplash   SOURCE: eLivingtoday.com

If you’ve recently discovered that your paycheck is smaller than expected, it’s possible you’re dealing with wage garnishment—a distressing situation that affects millions of Americans every year. This means a portion of your hard-earned money is being taken before it ever reaches your bank account, making it incredibly challenging to manage your budget, especially during tough financial times.

Understanding how wage garnishment works can help you navigate this rocky terrain. It usually occurs after a creditor has sued you, won a judgment, and obtained a court order to garnish your wages. However, certain exceptions—such as unpaid taxes, child support, and student loans—allow for garnishment without a court order. Regardless of how you found yourself in this situation, it’s important to know that there are steps you can take to mitigate or even stop the garnishment altogether.

If you’re facing wage garnishment, don’t lose hope. Acting quickly can be crucial. Here are six steps to help you address this issue and potentially find relief:

1. Verify the Garnishment Is Legal

It may feel overwhelming to see your paycheck impacted, but the first step is to confirm the legitimacy of the garnishment. Federal law mandates that you must receive a garnishment notice prior to any wage withholding. Carefully review this document to ensure that the debt belongs to you and that the creditor followed all proper legal protocols. Garish mistakes can occur, and verifying each detail can empower you to challenge any discrepancies.

2. Check for Violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

It’s disheartening, but some debt collectors may engage in questionable practices throughout the garnishment process. If you have not been properly notified or if your wages have been garnished beyond what is legally allowed, this might constitute a violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). Knowing your rights can be the first step in seeking justice. If you notice any irregularities, document your experiences—this could be crucial in seeking damages or legal fees.

3. Know Your Legal Protections

Understanding your legal protections can provide significant relief. Federal law stipulates that creditors can only garnish a limited portion of your earnings—typically 25% of disposable income or the amount by which your income exceeds 30 times the federal minimum wage, whichever is less. Additionally, certain income sources, like Social Security and disability benefits, are generally exempt from garnishment. Familiarizing yourself with these protections can bolster your confidence as you navigate this process.

4. File an Objection or Exemption Claim

If the garnishment is causing you severe financial hardship, you have the right to file an objection, often referred to as a “claim of exemption.” This usually involves submitting a formal request to the court that issued the garnishment order. It might feel daunting, but many courts are willing to reconsider garnishments that pose a significant burden on your ability to support yourself or your dependents. Advocating for your rights can lead to a modification or even termination of the garnishment.

5. Negotiate Directly with the Creditor

Even after wage garnishment begins, there’s still room to negotiate with the creditor. A direct conversation can sometimes open the door to negotiating a more reasonable payment plan or even settling for a lesser amount of what you owe. Many creditors are willing to work with you rather than endure the complexities of garnishment procedures. Approach this conversation with transparency about your financial situation and be prepared to offer a realistic, sustainable payment option.

6. Consider Bankruptcy as a Last Resort

When all else fails, it might be time to consider bankruptcy. While this option can feel intimidating, it offers a pathway to eliminate debts and stop wage garnishment. However, bankruptcy comes with its own set of complexities and consequences, so it’s essential to seek guidance from a qualified financial advisor or an attorney specializing in bankruptcy law.

Conclusion

Finding out that your wages are being garnished can evoke a whirlwind of stress, uncertainty, and fear. Remember, you’re not alone in facing this issue—millions are battling similar challenges. It’s critical to know that there are legal steps you can take to protect your rights and alleviate the strain of garnishment. By verifying the garnishment, understanding your rights, and taking action, you can work toward regaining control of your financial situation. With determination and the right approach, there is light at the end of the tunnel.

If you want to read more on this topic, check out the story from CBS News that highlights important steps to take when facing wage garnishment. It provides valuable insights and information that can help you navigate this challenging situation. Don’t miss it!

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-to-do-debt-collector-garnishing-paycheck/

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