(Family Features) They may be cute, fluffy and friendly, but some dogs also have an important job: protecting America’s food supply.
By deploying specially trained beagles, Labrador retrievers and Jack Russell terriers, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal Plant Health Inspection Services’ (APHIS) Detector Dog Program puts elite canines to work on the front lines at international airports, mail facilities and border crossings throughout the nation. These furry sleuths maneuver between passengers and luggage to search, locate and respond to the presence of banned fruits, plants and meats that may harbor damaging insects and diseases that threaten the country’s agricultural production and natural resources.
The program was started in 1984 and soon grew in demand. By 2009, APHIS opened a 17-acre National Detector Dog Training Center near the Atlanta International Airport. At the center, dogs and their handlers go through an 8-10-week training program to learn how to inspect passenger luggage and handbags for agricultural goods such as fruits, vegetables, beef and pork.
Detector dogs patrol ports of entry, borders and airports to keep harmful pests, like invasive fruit flies, out of the country. For example, labrador retrievers and their handlers protect the nation’s fruit by patrolling citrus orchards along the Texas-Mexico border in search of infested or diseased crops.
Safeguarding U.S. agriculture and natural resources is part of the program’s mission, but APHIS’ Detector Dog Program also partners with countries like Canada and Taiwan to supply guidance, training and testing of canine detection. There are even detector dog teams on the job at cargo airports throughout countries in the Pacific, tasked with identifying invasive species and stopping them from reaching Hawaii. The work these dogs and their handlers do is critical to help stop the spread of invasive plant and animal pests and diseases that could ravage America’s agriculture.
A detector dog’s career spans 6-8 years before they retire at 9 years old. At retirement age, 90% of dogs are adopted by their handler. In the rare case they are not, the handler will recommend a good home and a successful adoption program ensures all dogs are well placed.
Constantly on the lookout for new pups, APHIS works closely with animal shelters, rescue groups and private individuals to find the right dogs for the job from anywhere in the country. New recruits are 1-3 years old, heartworm negative, have high food drive and are environmentally and socially friendly. The ideal candidate is often that high-energy, hard-to-handle pooch who simply needs a job and a purpose.
If you or someone you know would like to help the program grow its squad of super sniffers, email 
(Family Features) When it comes to humans, gut health can be a great indicator of overall health. Often, when illnesses or conditions arise, symptoms are present in the gastrointestinal system. It makes sense that when you’re feeling bad or extra stressed, you can feel it in your stomach or your bowels – and the same is true for your pet.
“When my dogs are dealing with stomach issues, they’re not themselves – they just seem off,” said Kaley Cuoco, co-founder of Oh Norman!, a pet wellness brand. “That’s why I became so obsessed with finding a way to boost their digestive health.”
Gut health involves several components of the gastrointestinal tract, including the microbiome (bacteria, viruses and fungi) and digestive system, which controls how the body breaks down and absorbs the nutritional components of food.
A healthy gut allows your pet to live comfortably with good overall wellness and a properly functioning immune system. Dogs with healthy guts have a moderate, consistent appetite and maintain a healthy weight. They have adequate energy and even look visibly healthy with a shiny coat. Their stools are firm and regular.
Conversely, dogs with gut health problems may be lethargic and have problems with excess or too little weight. They may experience pain, bad breath, poor skin condition and a variety of gastro symptoms like constipation, gas, vomiting or diarrhea.
If you’re concerned about your dog’s gut health, consider these tips from the animal-loving experts at Oh Norman!:
Consult with your veterinarian. Problems with gut health can have a dizzying number of sources, so if your dog exhibits signs of a gut health issue that seem severe or don’t go away within a day or two, it’s a good idea to talk with an expert. The advice you get will be tailored to your pet’s specific circumstances and needs so you can help your four-legged friend feel better fast.
Pay attention to your dog’s diet. A good gut-health eating plan is fiber-rich and balanced with protein, vegetables and healthy fats. Foods that contain probiotics support good bacteria while prebiotics help feed good bacteria. Food allergies or intolerances can also trigger gut health problems, so pay attention to ingredients that may be problematic for your pet.
Add supplements to boost the microbiome. If you’re concerned, and your veterinarian agrees, it may be useful to supplement your dog’s diet to support gut health. One option is Good Effing Gut, a functional soft chew from Oh Norman! formulated to support digestive and immune health in dogs. Suitable for dogs of all ages, these chews promote a balanced gut microbiome, support healthy digestion and immune functions and may aid weight management. Available in a natural pumpkin cinnamon flavor, the chews offer safe, effective ingredients including pumpkin and chicory root (prebiotics), Bacillus subtilis (probiotic) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (postbiotic), which work together to promote nutrient absorption, maintain healthy digestion, support skin and coat health and contribute to overall canine wellness.
Eliminate external factors. If your dog’s gut health issues aren’t driven by diet, some environmental adjustments can make a difference. For example, creating a more peaceful, secure living environment can help settle gut problems.
Practice good general care. Providing your pet with consistent loving care can also play a role in gut health. Dogs that feel safe, are well-disciplined, get regular exercise and remain well-hydrated tend to have stronger gut health.
Learn more about good gut health for your dog at 
Why don’t humans have hair all over their bodies like other animals? – Murilo, age 5, Brazil
Have you ever wondered why you don’t have thick hair covering your whole body like a dog, cat or gorilla does? Humans aren’t the only mammals with sparse hair. Elephants, rhinos and naked mole rats also have very little hair. It’s true for some marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, too. Scientists think the earliest mammals, which lived at the time of the dinosaurs, were quite hairy. But over hundreds of millions of years, a small handful of mammals, including humans, evolved to have less hair. What’s the advantage of not growing your own fur coat? I’m a biologist who studies the genes that control hairiness in mammals. Why humans and a small number of other mammals are relatively hairless is an interesting question. It all comes down to whether certain genes are turned on or off.
Hair benefits
Hair and fur have many important jobs. They keep animals warm, protect their skin from the sun and injuries and help them blend into their surroundings. They even assist animals in sensing their environment. Ever felt a tickle when something almost touches you? That’s your hair helping you detect things nearby. Humans do have hair all over their bodies, but it is generally sparser and finer than that of our hairier relatives. A notable exception is the hair on our heads, which likely serves to protect the scalp from the sun. In human adults, the thicker hair that develops under the arms and between the legs likely reduces skin friction and aids in cooling by dispersing sweat. So hair can be pretty beneficial. There must have been a strong evolutionary reason for people to lose so much of it.Why humans lost their hair
The story begins about 7 million years ago, when humans and chimpanzees took different evolutionary paths. Although scientists can’t be sure why humans became less hairy, we have some strong theories that involve sweat. Humans have far more sweat glands than chimps and other mammals do. Sweating keeps you cool. As sweat evaporates from your skin, heat energy is carried away from your body. This cooling system was likely crucial for early human ancestors, who lived in the hot African savanna. Of course, there are plenty of mammals living in hot climates right now that are covered with fur. Early humans were able to hunt those kinds of animals by tiring them out over long chases in the heat – a strategy known as persistence hunting. Humans didn’t need to be faster than the animals they hunted. They just needed to keep going until their prey got too hot and tired to flee. Being able to sweat a lot, without a thick coat of hair, made this endurance possible.Genes that control hairiness
To better understand hairiness in mammals, my research team compared the genetic information of 62 different mammals, from humans to armadillos to dogs and squirrels. By lining up the DNA of all these different species, we were able to zero in on the genes linked to keeping or losing body hair. Among the many discoveries we made, we learned humans still carry all the genes needed for a full coat of hair – they are just muted or switched off. In the story of “Beauty and the Beast,” the Beast is covered in thick fur, which might seem like pure fantasy. But in real life some rare conditions can cause people to grow a lot of hair all over their bodies. This condition, called hypertrichosis, is very unusual and has been called “werewolf syndrome” because of how people who have it look.
Hello, curious kids! Do you have a question you’d like an expert to answer? Ask an adult to send your question to CuriousKidsUS@theconversation.com. Please tell us your name, age and the city where you live. And since curiosity has no age limit – adults, let us know what you’re wondering, too. We won’t be able to answer every question, but we will do our best.
Maria Chikina, Assistant Professor of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
