In a discovery that sounds straight out of a sci-fi horror film, NASA recently announced the identification of a new multidrug-resistant bacterium aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Dubbed Enterobacter bugandensis, this superbug not only raises eyebrows but also presents significant health risks for astronauts venturing into the great unknown.
The Discovery: An Unsettling Find
The identification of E. bugandensis is a chilling reminder of the unexpected challenges that come with space exploration. This bacterium has mutated in the isolated, unique environment of outer space, rendering it genetically distinct from its Earth-bound relatives. The result? A formidable adversary for human health, capable of resisting common antibiotics that would typically combat its terrestrial counterparts.
Collaborative research conducted by IIT Madras and NASA revealed a wealth of information about this superbug, encompassing its prevalence, distribution, and colonization patterns in the microgravity environment of the ISS. The results are not just startling; they compel us to rethink our approach to microbial management in space.
Sci-Fi or Reality? The Horror Unfolds
Imagine a creature lurking within the confines of the ISS, much like an antagonist from a John Carpenter film or the ominous Hunter Seeker robo-wasp from Dune: Part One. E. bugandensis has thrived in the station’s isolated systems, benefiting from the absence of natural competition. The bacterium’s ability to acquire iron and its interactions with other microorganisms have facilitated its extraordinary resilience.
Scientists have uncovered remarkable genomic adaptations that bolster the superbug’s ability to withstand the extreme conditions of space. These adaptations diverge significantly from those found in the more benign strains of bacteria typically encountered on Earth, emphasizing the unique challenges posed by microgravity.
Intimidating Adaptations for Survival
The incredible adaptability of microorganisms is well-documented; however, E. bugandensis takes this to a new level. While most microbes aboard the ISS exist in a state of relative stability, this superbug has undergone genomic changes that allow it to thrive in a microgravity environment. Such transformations are not merely survival tactics; they underscore the bacterium’s unique evolutionary path, setting it apart from any counterparts on our home planet.
As scientists delve deeper into the genetic nuances of E. bugandensis, they reveal a complex web of interactions with other microbial inhabitants of the ISS. This interplay not only ensures the bug’s survival but also raises alarms about the potential health risks it poses to astronauts, particularly concerning respiratory infections.
Astronaut Immunity: A Critical Concern
One of the most pressing issues surrounding E. bugandensis is the compromised immune systems of astronauts during long-duration missions. The microgravity environment induces various physiological changes that may leave astronauts more vulnerable to infections. With the presence of this resilient superbug aboard the ISS, the danger of illness becomes an even greater concern, especially given the limited access to medical facilities in space.
To mitigate these risks, NASA is prioritizing ongoing studies of E. bugandensis and other microorganisms aboard the ISS. Understanding the behavior and adaptations of these space-dwelling microbes is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
Earthbound Implications: A Cautionary Tale
While the immediate focus is on the health risks posed to astronauts, the existence of E. bugandensis also raises questions about potential implications for Earth. Could a superbug adapted to the harsh realities of space somehow find its way back to our planet? While this scenario may sound like the plot of a science fiction thriller, it underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring microbial life in extraterrestrial environments.
Dr. Kasthuri Venkateswaran of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, along with a collaborative team from IIT Madras, has been at the forefront of this research. Their work not only highlights the challenges of microbial management in space but also emphasizes the need for robust biosecurity measures to protect both astronauts and life on Earth.
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Conclusion: A New Chapter in Space Exploration
The discovery of Enterobacter bugandensis serves as a stark reminder of the complexities and unforeseen challenges of space exploration. As we journey further into the cosmos, understanding and managing the microbial life we encounter will be paramount for the health and safety of astronauts. In this new frontier, every unexpected finding—be it a superbug or a new form of life—requires careful consideration and proactive measures to ensure a safe return to Earth.
As we look to the stars, we must also remain grounded in our commitment to understanding the intricate web of life that exists, even in the most unwelcoming environments. The future of space exploration may depend on it.
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3 Ways You Can Help Tackle Hunger and Strengthen Communities This Holiday Season
(Family Features) The holiday season is often a time of joy, connection and celebration. For millions of families across the country, however, it is also a season of uncertainty, wondering how to put food on the table or meet other essential needs. According to the USDA, more than 47.4 million people in the United States experience food insecurity each year. That’s why, each holiday season, thousands of Charles Schwab employees come together to fight hunger and strengthen the communities where they live and work. Through employee meal-packing events and nonprofit grants, volunteers and partners help families access nutritious meals and vital support during the holidays and beyond. “As we gather with loved ones this season, it’s important to remember that not all of our neighbors have that security,” said Kristine Dixon, managing director of Charles Schwab Community Affairs. “By working side-by-side with local hunger relief organizations, we’re helping ensure more families can share in the joy of a holiday meal and the peace of knowing they are supported.” As you prepare for the holidays, here are a few ways you can help address hunger relief and support your neighbors. Donate to a Local Food Bank Food banks and pantries are at the heart of efforts to make nutritious food accessible for all. Inflation and rising costs of living have stretched budgets thin, making it harder for families to afford groceries. Nonperishable donations such as canned goods, pasta and rice are always in high demand. Monetary donations often go even further, giving food banks the ability to purchase exactly what is needed most. Volunteer Your Time The gift of time is just as valuable as food donations. Food banks and hunger relief nonprofits rely on volunteers to sort, pack and distribute meals. Even a few hours can make a meaningful difference, adding up to thousands of volunteer hours to help nonprofits meet urgent needs during the holiday season and year-round. Support Community Partnerships No single organization can solve hunger alone. Collective action from neighbors, companies, nonprofits and others is what creates lasting impact. This year, Schwab employees will join forces with partners like Harvest Pack to pack more than 1 million nutritious meals for families across the country. Supporting these types of efforts, whether through donations, volunteering or spreading awareness, can expand the impact. Hunger is about more than food; it’s about stability and opportunity. By giving, volunteering and partnering with organizations that serve families in need, you can make the holiday season brighter for millions of Americans. Learn more at aboutschwab.com/season-of-giving. Photo courtesy of Shutterstock SOURCE:Charles Schwab
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A student looks at different images, as eye-tracking technology monitors how she is visualizing the objects. Chris Necuze/FIU, CC BY
Even before they can read, young children are visualizing letters and other objects with the same strategies adults use
Shannon Pruden, Florida International University and Karinna Rodriguez, Florida International University What do puzzles, gymnastics, writing and using maps all have in common? They all rely on people’s ability to visualize objects as they spin, flip or turn in space, without physically moving them. This is a spatial skill that developmental psychologists call mental rotation. Whether a person is navigating a new city or doing a cartwheel, they must use mental rotation skills to move shapes or objects in their mind and make sense of where their bodies are going and what surrounds them. When children play with puzzles, building blocks or pattern games, they are also practicing mental rotation. Over time, these skills support learning in math, science and reading. This can look like visualizing pulley systems in physics or seeing the differences between similar-looking letters such as b and d, which young children often confuse. Strong mental rotation skills also lay the foundation for doing well in school and developing interest in careers in science, technology, engineering and math. Most preschool-age children are not yet learning to read – but it turns out they are still using some of these same spatial reasoning skills as they think about the world around them. We are scholars of, developmental science and were curious to find out how children as young as 3 years old mentally rotate objects. While there is research on the age at which children can mentally rotate objects, less is understood about how children are solving mental rotation problems. We found in our research, conducted from 2022 to 2023, that young children are using the same problem-solving strategies as adults when they solve a mental rotation task.
Children think visually, just like adults
We used eye-tracking technology to understand how a sample of 148 children, all between 3 and 7 years old, solved different mental rotation problems. Eye-trackers use harmless infrared light to capture eye movements. This technology lets us observe how children solve these problems in real time. As part of our study, we showed each child a large picture of items such as a fire truck, as well as two smaller pictures of the same truck, one placed above the other and positioned slightly differently. Children were asked to say which small picture on the right matched the large one on the left. In this example, the correct answer is the top picture, because that top fire truck can be rotated to match the large fire truck. The bottom fire truck was a mirrored image, and no matter how much you rotate it, it will never match the large fire truck.Children looked at pictures of fire trucks as part of a research study to assess how they manipulated the object in their heads.Karinna Rodriguez While the children thought about their response, the eye-tracker, mounted right below the computer screen, recorded their eye movements. By looking at where and for how long children looked at each image, we figured out what kind of strategy they were using. Some children focused on fewer parts of the object and spent less time studying its details. This suggests they used a holistic strategy, meaning they took in the whole image at once, instead of breaking it into pieces. These children mentally rotated the entire object to solve the task. Other children focused on parts of the object and spent more time studying its details. This suggests they broke the image down into pieces instead of visualizing the image as a whole, known as a piecemeal strategy. Our findings support prior work showing that children generally use these two visual approaches to solve mental rotation problems. This study helped us learn where children look while solving puzzles and identify how they solve these problems – without ever having to ask the child, who might be too young to explain, about their process. Children were more likely to turn the whole image instead of breaking it down into pieces, a pattern of problem solving adults typically also use. This means that even very young children are already thinking about how objects move and turn in space in ways that are more advanced than expected.An example of a mental rotation task that can show how people are visually moving objects in their minds.Angie Mackewn, CC BY
Supporting children’s visual skills
Knowing how young children mentally rotate objects may help researchers, teachers and parents understand why some children struggle with learning to read. Children who break an image down into pieces, instead of visualizing it as a whole, to solve mental rotation problems may be the very same children who struggle with discriminating similar-looking letters such as p and q and may later be diagnosed with dyslexia. Parents can play an important role in building their child’s mental rotation skills. Parents can help children by offering them opportunities to practice rotating real objects with toys such as three-dimensional puzzles or building blocks. Tangrams – flat, colorful puzzles that come in different shapes – can be used to practice breaking down shapes of animals into pieces. Parents can encourage their child to look for shapes that match parts of the animal or object they are building. Nov. 8 is International STEM Day, a celebration of all things science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Research like ours provides valuable guidance for designing early STEM activities and educational tools. By directly observing children’s problem solving in real time, we can develop better ways for educators and toy makers to support strong spatial thinking from an early age. To celebrate, we encourage people to engage in activities that test their spatial skills, such as ditching the GPS for the day or playing a game of Tetris. Mental rotation is a powerful skill that helps us understand and interact with the surrounding physical world. From solving puzzles to reading maps, mental rotation plays a role in many everyday activities. Building mental rotation abilities can improve children’s performance in subjects such as reading, math and science and may inspire future careers in STEM fields. Shannon Pruden, Professor of psychology, Florida International University and Karinna Rodriguez, PhD candidate in psychology, Florida International University This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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High Demand Marks “Veggies for Veterans” Event Amid SNAP Delays
Diana Gregory Outreach Services’ latest Veggies for Veterans event at the Phoenix VA saw record demand, with 700 veterans receiving fresh produce—an increase linked to SNAP benefit delays following the recent government shutdown.
Phoenix, AZ — November 5, 2025Diana Gregory Outreach Services hosted another successful “Veggies for Veterans” event last week at the Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center, honoring and supporting those who’ve served our nation. This year’s turnout revealed a notable surge in demand for donated fresh produce. More than 40 volunteers helped pack and distribute 700 bags filled with 14 varieties of fruits and vegetables—a last-minute increase from the original 600 due to the growing need.
Image Credit: Phoenix VA Health Care System
Organizers observed that this heightened demand may be tied to the ongoing effects of the recent government shutdown, which caused delays in SNAP(Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits for many households, including veterans and seniors who rely on food assistance. Peddler’s Son contributed bags of red and green grapes for every recipient, with strong support from community sponsors including State Farm, Southwest Airlines, Sanderson Ford, Harrah’s, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Girl Scouts–Arizona Cactus-Pine Council, and the Archer-Ragsdale Tuskegee Airmen Chapter. Founder Diana Gregory thanked all who made the event possible, reaffirming her commitment to bringing nutrition and dignity to underserved veterans through Gregory’s Fresh Market. “To all veterans—thank you for your service,” said Gregory.
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