News
How the Nazi years influenced the Nobel Prize in Literature
Der Nobelpreis und die deutschsprachige Literatur. Eine Studie über die Vergabekriterien des Literaturnobelpreises 1901-1971
« How the Nazi years influenced the Nobel Prize in Literature
Newswise — Paulus Tiozzo studied the Nobel Prize and German literature for his thesis. Previously inaccessible archival material shows how members of the Swedish Academy viewed German literature during the two World Wars and the influence that Adolf Hitler and Nazism had on the Nobel Prize.
Few prizes give rise to so much emotion, discussion and debate as the Nobel Prize in Literature. Every year, there is great speculation about which author the Swedish Academy might award the Prize to. But anyone who thinks they might be able to identify some pattern or logic behind the process of determining the prize winners won’t have an easy task, according to Paulus Tiozzo.
“It all depends on what the members of the Swedish Academy were thinking at a particular time. And it’s not just about the candidate’s ability as an author, but also personal factors, such as whether a member of the Academy liked or disliked the author for political reasons.”
His thesis in the subject area of German is a historical study of the Nobel Prize in Literature and its criteria seen from the perspective of the German authors nominated for the Prize between 1901 and 1971.
So what are the criteria for being nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature? Among other things, Alfred Nobel wrote that the Prize should go to a person who, during the previous year, in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction. No more detail about what this means is provided.
“So this has been interpreted from the different perspectives of the members of the Swedish Academy. I argue that you cannot understand the history of the Nobel Prize unless you look at its specific historical context in each instance. Many people have advanced thoughts and opinions on this matter, but I demonstrate more concretely, based empirical evidence, how the authors nominated were assessed.”
Ambivalent relationship to Nazism
That he looked at the period up to 1971 was for purely practical reasons. The documents relating to the decision-making process surrounding the Nobel Prize are subject to a strict non-disclosure rule for 50 years, after which the archives are released. The Nobel Library in Stockholm includes nomination letters, statements of opinion, minutes of meetings and correspondence.
The time span chosen, and the fact that he looked at German-speaking literature, mean that a portion of the material deals with how Germany was viewed before and during Nazi rule. For example, the Nobel Committee’s chair Per Hallström firmly rejected the first nomination of Hermann Hesse 1931.
“Hallström himself had written propaganda in support of Germany, and thought that Hesse, with his pacifist stance, had behaved contemptuously and lacked pride in his nation.”
Those who sat on the Nobel Committee had an especially great influence on the Nobel Prize – the chair of this Committee in particular. Per Hallström had this role for 24 years, from 1922–1946, and compiled several hundred opinions on authors.
“He had an ambivalent relationship with Nazism. He was fascinated by Hitler and the national revolutionary aspects of Nazism appealed to him. But on the other hand, he was very critical of its anti-Semitism.”
According to Paulus Tiozzo, the Nobel Committee took a generally cautious approach at this time and tried not to fall into any politically motivated traps.
“If the Prize had been given to an author who had been forced to flee from Nazi Germany for political reasons, there would probably have been some kind of backlash from there, and it was this that the Swedish Academy wanted to avoid. It did not either want to give the Prize to any author who appeared to be officially sanctioned by the Nazis. In general, much thought was given to how the choice of Nobel Laureates might affect the image of the Academy. The same applied to candidates from the Eastern bloc during the Cold War. It is likely that similar political considerations are still weighed into the decision, even though it is difficult to know this with certainty.”
New insights into the Nobel Prize as a phenomenon
What surprised him most during his work on the thesis is how German literature was viewed in Sweden during the 20th century, especially by the members of the Academy.
“You get an impression of Sweden being dominated by German literature at the time, but that impression is not correct. Swedish authors and literary scholars were much more critical and nuanced than you might think and were not unreserved admirers of Goethe, Schiller and other German 19th century writers. English and French authors were admired on the other hand. This is one of the reasons why many German Nobel Prize candidates were rejected.”
What do you hope your thesis will lead to?
“Hopefully it will lead to new insights into the Nobel Prize as a phenomenon and also on the importance of German literature outside Germany. I also hope that it stimulates interest in more research in both literary history and the Nobel Prize.”
German-speaking authors awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1901–1971
1902 Theodor Mommsen Germany
1908 Rudolf Eucken Germany
1910 Paul Heyse Germany
1912 Gerhart Hauptmann Germany
1919 Carl Spitteler Switzerland
1929 Thomas Mann Germany
1946 Hermann Hesse Germany/Switzerland
1966 Nelly Sachs Germany/Sweden
During the years 1940–1943, no Prize was awarded because of World War II
https://www.gu.se/en/news/how-the-nazi-years-influenced-the-nobel-prize-in-literature
Source: University of Gothenburg
Space and Tech
Exciting News: NASA Live Coverage of Roscosmos Cosmonauts on a Spacewalk!
Don’t miss NASA’s live coverage of Roscosmos cosmonauts on a spacewalk outside the International Space Station! #SpaceExploration
Get ready to witness a truly incredible event – a spacewalk outside the International Space Station conducted by two Roscosmos cosmonauts! NASA will be providing live coverage of this historic moment on Thursday, April 25, starting at 10:30 a.m. EDT. You definitely don’t want to miss this!
The spacewalk, expected to begin at 10:55 a.m. EDT, could last up to an impressive seven hours. So make sure to clear your schedule and prepare yourself for some out-of-this-world action!
But don’t worry if you can’t be near a TV, because NASA has got you covered. They will be streaming the spacewalk on various platforms including NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and their very own website. How convenient is that?
If you’re wondering how to catch this incredible event, fret not! NASA has made it super easy for everyone to enjoy the live coverage. You can stream NASA TV through numerous platforms, including social media. Just follow the instructions provided and you’ll be all set to witness history!
During this captivating spacewalk, Expedition 71 crewmates Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub will embark on their mission. Their primary objective is to complete the deployment of a panel on a synthetic radar system located on the Nauka module. They will also be installing equipment and experiments on the Poisk module, which will be used to analyze the level of corrosion on various surfaces and modules of the space station. Science at its finest!
This noteworthy spacewalk will mark the 270th in support of the International Space Station. For Kononenko, this will be his seventh spacewalk, and he will be wearing the distinguished Orlan spacesuit with the red stripes. Chub, on the other hand, will be going on his second spacewalk and will be wearing the awe-inspiring spacesuit with the blue stripes. Talk about a fashionable space adventure!
So grab your popcorn, gather your friends and family, and get ready for an exhilarating experience. This upcoming spacewalk promises to be an event that will leave you in awe of the immense accomplishments and ongoing science conducted aboard the International Space Station.
Remember, you can catch all the action on NASA+, NASA Television, the NASA app, YouTube, and their website. Don’t miss out on this thrilling live coverage. Be a part of history and witness the wonders of space exploration firsthand. See you there!
Get breaking news, images, and features from the space station on the station blog, Instagram, Facebook, and X.
Learn more about International Space Station research and operations at:
News
NASA Leadership Visits Mexico: Strengthening Cooperation for a Brighter Future
NASA leadership visiting Mexico to strengthen cooperation in space exploration, climate change, and STEM education. Exciting partnership ahead! 🚀🌎🔬 #NASA #MexicoCooperation
In a remarkable effort to deepen ties and enhance space collaboration with nations across the globe, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy will be visiting Mexico City on April 22 and 23. This visit aims to foster bilateral cooperation in various innovation and research areas, including Earth science and exploration. Recognizing the significance of such interaction, this blog post delves into the details of this auspicious visit, highlighting the potential benefits and areas of collaboration between NASA and Mexico.
Strengthening Bilateral Cooperation:
NASA’s engagement with senior Mexican government officials, such as President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Mexican Space Agency (AEM) leaders, underscores the intent to strengthen the relationship between the two countries. With a collective focus on addressing climate change, both NASA and AEM are working collaboratively to achieve mutual goals. This cooperation extends not only to environmental challenges but also encompasses technology development, space exploration, and scientific research.
Nanosatellite Technology Demonstrators:
Mexico’s involvement as a signatory of the Artemis Accords reinforces the country’s commitment to participating in a practical and prosperous alliance for space exploration. NASA and AEM are investing effort and resources in nanosatellite technology demonstrators, which hold immense promise for the future of space exploration. Through joint endeavors, both organizations are pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge while fostering innovation and pushing the frontiers of human capabilities.
Ecological Focus on Earth Day:
The timing of the visit is significant as it coincides with Earth Day on April 22. Mexico’s collaboration with NASA in Earth science initiatives will be at the forefront of discussions during the visit. By leveraging NASA’s expertise and missions, Mexico aims to further expand its understanding of our planet’s dynamics. Topics such as air quality analysis and improved water resource management hold immense potential, enabling both countries to address pressing ecological challenges and work towards sustainable solutions.
Inspiring the Next Generation:
Nelson and Melroy’s commitment to fostering scientific curiosity and excellence extends to engaging with students in Mexico. The NASA officials will participate in dialogue with students, emphasizing the importance of STEM education and their pivotal roles as members of the Artemis Generation. By inspiring young minds to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, NASA aims to empower the future workforce, ensuring continued progress and innovation.
NASA’s visit to Mexico serves as a testament to the importance of international cooperation and scientific collaboration. The shared vision of addressing global challenges, such as climate change, necessitates partnerships that transcend borders. Through strengthened ties with Mexico and initiatives focusing on Earth science, nanosatellite technology, and STEM education, NASA and its Mexican counterparts are paving the way for a brighter and more prosperous future. Such cooperative endeavors hold the potential to unlock breakthrough discoveries, foster innovation, and inspire the next generation of explorers.
For more information about NASA’s international partnerships, visit:
Office of International and Interagency Relations Mission
The mission of the Office of International and Interagency Relations (OIIR) is to provide executive leadership and coordination for all NASA international and interagency activities and partnerships, and for policy interactions between NASA and other U.S. Executive Branch offices and agencies.
OIIR Organizationabout Office of International and Interagency Relations Mission
About OIIR
OIIR serves as the principal Agency liaison with the National Security Council, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and U.S. departments and agencies.
OIIR is responsible for:
- Ensuring that NASA’s international engagements are in alignment with Administration direction and U.S. laws and regulations
- Negotiating cooperative and reimbursable agreements with foreign space and aeronautics partners
- Providing advice and guidance to Agency leadership on the implementation of NASA interagency and international partnerships
- Providing management oversight and staff support of NASA’s advisory committees, commissions and panels
- Managing the NASA Export Control Program
- Coordinating foreign travel by NASA employees
Urbanism
Discover the Healthiest Place to Live in the U.S.: Berkeley, California
Discover Berkeley, the healthiest city in the U.S. Embrace vitality, outdoor activities, and top-notch healthcare in this vibrant Northern California gem.
In a recent ranking by Niche.com, the picturesque city of Berkeley, located just outside of San Francisco, has been crowned as the healthiest place to live in the United States. With an exceptional overall grade of A+, Berkeley has surpassed other cities to claim the top spot, offering its residents a lifestyle brimming with vitality and well-being.
Berkeley’s success in this ranking can be attributed to various factors that contribute to the physical and mental well-being of its residents. With low rates of physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking, the city fosters a culture of health consciousness. Access to quality healthcare is abundant in Berkeley, with institutions like Alta Bates Summit Medical Center ensuring top-notch patient safety and care.
One of the standout features of Berkeley is its emphasis on outdoor activities. Boasting a perfect score in this category, the city provides over 50 parks equipped with amenities such as outdoor gyms, tennis courts, hiking trails, and more. This abundance of recreational spaces encourages residents to lead an active lifestyle and enjoy the natural beauty that surrounds them.
Moreover, Berkeley’s vibrant cultural scene, sports facilities, and proximity to national parks make it an ideal place for young professionals and outdoor enthusiasts alike. The presence of the University of California adds a dynamic flair to the city, attracting a diverse population that contributes to its lively atmosphere.
While Berkeley offers an unparalleled quality of life, it comes at a cost. The median home value in the city is steep, and the overall cost of living is significantly higher than the national average. Despite this, the numerous benefits of residing in Berkeley make it a compelling choice for those seeking a healthy and fulfilling lifestyle.
In a broader context, California dominates the list of the healthiest cities in the country, with six communities making it to the top ten. Cities like Irvine, Orange County, and San Francisco also secured top spots, highlighting the state’s commitment to promoting well-being among its residents.
As you consider where to plant your roots and prioritize your health, Berkeley stands out as a beacon of wellness and vitality in the heart of Northern California. With its perfect blend of health-conscious living, outdoor recreation, and cultural richness, Berkeley sets the standard for what it means to live in a truly healthy city.
If you want to have a comprehensive look at the entire list of cities along with their respective rankings, you can easily access it by visiting Niche.. https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/search/healthiest-cities/
I recommend reading the informative article on Travel and Leisure’s website titled “This City Was Just Named the Healthiest Place to Live in the U.S.” This article delves into the Niche.com rankings of the city, providing a detailed analysis of what makes it the healthiest place to live in the U.S. It’s definitely worth checking out if you’re interested in learning more about the factors that contribute to a healthy living environment. https://www.travelandleisure.com/berkeley-california-healthiest-city-in-america-8629444
Our Urbanist Section
Explore our dedicated Urbanism Section to delve into a diverse array of narratives and essays focused on urbanism, sustainable communities, and efficient mass transportation. Access our website for captivating stories and articles that examine the impact of bike lanes on urban commuting behaviors. The incorporation of bike lanes into urban development plans plays a pivotal role in cultivating livable and sustainable cities. By prioritizing bike lanes, cities can foster safer, healthier, and more enjoyable commuting experiences for their residents. Embrace the advantages of bike lanes in urban areas to take a stride towards sustainable transportation solutions. Visit this link for more: https://stmdailynews.com/category/the-bridge/urbanism/
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