On May 23, 2023, the New York Post reported that new footage of a suspected UFO sighting over a California military base had emerged. The footage was reportedly taken in April 2021 over Twentynine Palms, California, and has been examined by UFO experts Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp on their podcast, “Weaponized”.
The footage shows multiple unidentified flying objects in the sky, with some appearing to hover and move in ways that are not consistent with conventional aircraft. The objects are described as being “orb-like” and emitting a bright, pulsating light.
Mass ‘UFO’ sighting caught on camera in California | Jeremy Corbell Interview | 7NEWS
While the footage is intriguing, it is important to note that it is not conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial activity. The objects could have been experimental military aircraft or drones, or even a natural phenomenon such as ball lightning.
However, the fact that the sighting occurred over a military base adds an element of mystery to the situation. The military has a long history of investigating and covering up UFO sightings, and it is possible that they have more information about this incident than they are willing to disclose.
Corbell and Knapp are both respected figures in the UFO community, with Corbell having produced several documentaries on the subject and Knapp having broken the story of the infamous Area 51 in the 1980s. Their analysis of the footage is sure to be of interest to those who believe that we are not alone in the universe.
The emergence of this footage comes at a time of increased interest in UFOs and extraterrestrial life. In recent years, there have been numerous reports of sightings by military personnel and commercial airline pilots, as well as declassified government documents that suggest that the military has been studying UFOs for decades.
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This renewed interest has been fueled in part by the release of videos by the US Navy that show encounters between pilots and unidentified flying objects. The Navy has confirmed that the videos are genuine and that they depict “unidentified aerial phenomena”.
The release of this footage has led to calls for greater transparency from the military and government on the subject of UFOs. Some have even called for the formation of a dedicated government agency to investigate and study UFO sightings.
While it is unclear what the future holds for the study of UFOs, it is clear that there is a growing interest in the subject. The emergence of this new footage is sure to add to the ongoing debate and fuel speculation about our place in the universe.
The emergence of new footage of a suspected UFO sighting over a California military base is an intriguing development that is sure to capture the attention of UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike. While the footage is not conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial activity, it adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests that we are not alone in the universe. Whether or not the military has more information about this incident remains to be seen, but one thing is for sure – the study of UFOs is not going away anytime soon.
‘Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence’ − an astronomer explains how much evidence scientists need to claim discoveries like extraterrestrial life
The universe is filled with countless galaxies, stars and planets. Astronomers may find life one day, but they will need extraordinary proof.
ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA, image processing by J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi Chris Impey, University of Arizona
The detection of life beyond Earth would be one of the most profound discoveries in the history of science. The Milky Way galaxy alone hosts hundreds of millions of potentially habitable planets. Astronomers are using powerful space telescopes to look for molecular indicators of biology in the atmospheres of the most Earth-like of these planets.
But so far, no solid evidence of life has ever been found beyond the Earth. A paper published in April 2025 claimed to detect a signature of life in the atmosphere of the planet K2-18b. And while this discovery is intriguing, most astronomers – including the paper’s authors – aren’t ready to claim that it means extraterrestrial life exists. A detection of life would be a remarkable development.
The astronomer Carl Sagan used the phrase, “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” in regard to searching for alien life. It conveys the idea that there should be a high bar for evidence to support a remarkable claim.
I’m an astronomer who has written a book about astrobiology. Over my career, I’ve seen some compelling scientific discoveries. But to reach this threshold of finding life beyond Earth, a result needs to fit several important criteria.
When is a result important and reliable?
There are three criteria for a scientific result to represent a true discovery and not be subject to uncertainty and doubt. How does the claim of life on K2-18b measure up?
First, the experiment needs to measure a meaningful and important quantity. Researchers observed K2-18b’s atmosphere with the James Webb Space Telescope and saw a spectral feature that they identified as dimethyl sulfide.
On Earth, dimethyl sulfide is associated with biology, in particular bacteria and plankton in the oceans. However, it can also arise by other means, so this single molecule is not conclusive proof of life.
Second, the detection needs to be strong. Every detector has some noise from the random motion of electrons. The signal should be strong enough to have a low probability of arising by chance from this noise.
The K2-18b detection has a significance of 3-sigma, which means it has a 0.3% probability of arising by chance.
That sounds low, but most scientists would consider that a weak detection. There are many molecules that could create a feature in the same spectral range.
The “gold standard” for scientific detection is 5-sigma, which means the probability of the finding happening by chance is less than 0.00006%. For example, physicists at CERN gathered data patiently for two years until they had a 5-sigma detection of the Higgs boson particle, leading to a Nobel Prize one year later in 2013.
The announcement of the discovery of the Higgs boson took decades from the time Peter Higgs first predicted the existence of the particle. Scientists, such as Joe Incandela shown here, waited until they’d reached that 5-sigma level to say, ‘I think we have it.’
Third, a result needs to be repeatable. Results are considered reliable when they’ve been repeated – ideally corroborated by other investigators or confirmed using a different instrument. For K2-18b, this might mean detecting other molecules that indicate biology, such as oxygen in the planet’s atmosphere. Without more and better data, most researchers are viewing the claim of life on K2-18b with skepticism.
Claims of life on Mars
In the past, some scientists have claimed to have found life much closer to home, on the planet Mars.
Over a century ago, retired Boston merchant turned astronomer Percival Lowell claimed that linear features he saw on the surface of Mars were canals, constructed by a dying civilization to transport water from the poles to the equator. Artificial waterways on Mars would certainly have been a major discovery, but this example failed the other two criteria: strong evidence and repeatability.
Lowell was misled by his visual observations, and he was engaging in wishful thinking. No other astronomers could confirm his findings.
Mars, as taken by the OSIRIS instrument on the ESA Rosetta spacecraft during its February 2007 flyby of the planet and adjusted to show color.ESA & MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA, CC BY-SA
In 1996, NASA held a press conference where a team of scientists presented evidence for biology in the Martian meteorite ALH 84001. Their evidence included an evocative image that seemed to show microfossils in the meteorite.
However, scientists have come up with explanations for the meteorite’s unusual features that do not involve biology. That extraordinary claim has dissipated.
More recently, astronomers detected low levels of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Like dimethyl sulfide and oxygen, methane on Earth is made primarily – but not exclusively – by life. Different spacecraft and rovers on the Martian surface have returned conflicting results, where a detection with one spacecraft was not confirmed by another.
The low level and variability of methane on Mars is still a mystery. And in the absence of definitive evidence that this very low level of methane has a biological origin, nobody is claiming definitive evidence of life on Mars.
Claims of advanced civilizations
Detecting microbial life on Mars or an exoplanet would be dramatic, but the discovery of extraterrestrial civilizations would be truly spectacular.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or SETI, has been underway for 75 years. No messages have ever been received, but in 1977 a radio telescope in Ohio detected a strong signal that lasted only for a minute.
This signal was so unusual that an astronomer working at the telescope wrote “Wow!” on the printout, giving the signal its name. Unfortunately, nothing like it has since been detected from that region of the sky, so the Wow! Signal fails the test of repeatability.
‘Oumuamua is the first object passing through the solar system that astronomers have identified as having interstellar origins.European Southern Observatory/M. Kornmesser
In 2017, a rocky, cigar-shaped object called ‘Oumuamua was the first known interstellar object to visit the solar system. ‘Oumuamua’s strange shape and trajectory led Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb to argue that it was an alien artifact. However, the object has already left the solar system, so there’s no chance for astronomers to observe it again. And some researchers have gathered evidence suggesting that it’s just a comet.
While many scientists think we aren’t alone, given the enormous amount of habitable real estate beyond Earth, no detection has cleared the threshold enunciated by Carl Sagan.
Claims about the universe
These same criteria apply to research about the entire universe. One particular concern in cosmology is the fact that, unlike the case of planets, there is only one universe to study.
A cautionary tale comes from attempts to show that the universe went through a period of extremely rapid expansion a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. Cosmologists call this event inflation, and it is invoked to explain why the universe is now smooth and flat.
In 2014, astronomers claimed to have found evidence for inflation in a subtle signal from microwaves left over after the Big Bang. Within a year, however, the team retracted the result because the signal had a mundane explanation: They had confused dust in our galaxy with a signature of inflation.
On the other hand, the discovery of the universe’s acceleration shows the success of the scientific method. In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble found that the universe was expanding. Then, in 1998, evidence emerged that this cosmic expansion is accelerating. Physicists were startled by this result.
Two research groups used supernovae to separately trace the expansion. In a friendly rivalry, they used different sets of supernovae but got the same result. Independent corroboration increased their confidence that the universe was accelerating. They called the force behind this accelerating expansion dark energy and received a Nobel Prize in 2011 for its discovery.
On scales large and small, astronomers try to set a high bar of evidence before claiming a discovery.Chris Impey, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, University of Arizona
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
3 of Raymond E. Fowler’s Books. Image Credit: Rod Washington
When it comes to delving into the enigmatic world of Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), few figures shine as brightly as Raymond E. Fowler. Born on November 11, 1933, in Salem, Massachusetts, Fowler has made an indelible mark on UFO research and literature, serving as an inspiration for countless enthusiasts—including myself—to explore the mysteries of our universe.
Raymond E. Fowler. A Pioneer in UFO Research
Fowler’s research is particularly notable in the New England area, where he meticulously investigated numerous UFO sightings and close encounters. His dedication to this often-overlooked field has resulted in a wealth of information, uncovering stories that might have otherwise remained hidden. Among his many contributions, Fowler is perhaps best known for two landmark cases: the Betty Andreasson Luca Alien Abduction and the Allagash Abductions.
His book, The Andreasson Affair (1979), analyzed Betty Andreasson’s alleged encounters with extraterrestrial beings, captivating the public’s imagination and igniting meaningful discussions on the topic of alien abduction. Similarly, The Allagash Abductions (1993) investigated an alleged multiple-person abduction case, even amid controversy surrounding one of the witnesses’ credibility decades later. Fowler’s approach—rooted in rigorous research and empathetic storytelling—served as a beacon for those curious about the unknown.
An Educator, Investigator, and Advocate
Not only did Fowler write extensively about UFOs, but he also held significant roles in organizations dedicated to investigating aerial phenomena. As the Director of Scientific Investigations for MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) and a Scientific Associate at the Center for UFO Studies, he played a pivotal role in shaping a rigorous approach to UFO investigations. Additionally, as a past chairman of NICAP (National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena), Fowler’s influential work contributed to the growing legitimacy of UFO research within the scientific community.
A Personal Connection to the Phenomena
What makes Fowler’s journey particularly compelling is his own experience as an alleged abductee. In UFO Testament: Anatomy of an Abductee (2002), Fowler shares his personal encounters with the unknown, sparking a sense of connection with readers who may have had similar experiences or feelings of fear and wonder. This transparency about his own abductions has not only inspired empathy but has also encouraged a more profound understanding of the abduction phenomenon, resonating with the testimonies of others, such as those of Betty and Barney Hill.
Despite facing skepticism and criticism—especially from family members who held different beliefs—Fowler remained steadfast in his pursuit of truth. His journey reminds us that curiosity, courage, and a willingness to question the impossible can push us toward greater understanding.
A Lasting Influence
Raymond E. Fowler’s extensive body of work not only laid the groundwork for future investigations but also inspired a generation of UFO researchers and writers. His books, such as Casebook of a UFO Investigator (1981) and UFOs: Interplanetary Visitors (1974)—the latter being my first introduction to the subject—sparked my passion for exploring the unknown. Fowler’s ability to weave personal narrative with scientific inquiry instills hope for a comprehensive understanding of UFOs.
As we continue to navigate the ever-expanding universe of UFO phenomena, we can draw strength and knowledge from the extraordinary contributions of Raymond E. Fowler. His legacy encourages us to embrace our curiosity, challenge the boundaries of understanding, and always remain open to the possibilities of the cosmos above. So, whether you’re a seasoned researcher or just beginning to explore the topic, remember that the journey into the unknown is as profound as the destination itself.
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The Mystery of the 1896 Airships: A Journey into the Unknown
In the late 19th century, mysterious airships captured America’s imagination, prompting theories ranging from military testing to extraterrestrial visits, before dwindling interest as aviation progressed.
In the late 19th century, America was buzzing with the thrill of innovation and exploration. However, amidst the technological advancements, an inexplicable phenomenon began to capture the imagination of many: mysterious airships sighted across the sky. This captivating mystery still puzzles historians and enthusiasts today, raising questions about whether they were mere figments of imagination, hoaxes, or something far more otherworldly.
The Birth of the Mystery
The saga of the mystery airships began in 1896 when reports of strange airships started to emerge from various locations in the United States. From California to Texas, witnesses described seeing cigar-shaped vessels flying through the night sky, illuminated by bright lights. Initial sightings created a flurry of excitement and speculation—newspapers quickly picked up the stories, printing illustrations and accounts that fueled the imaginations of readers.
Witness Accounts: Fact or Fiction?
Witnesses reported diverse descriptions of these airships. Some claimed the vessels hovered silently, while others insisted they produced loud noises that resembled the sounds of machinery or engines. People recounted instances of the airships being seen low enough to see their intricate details, leading many to ponder their origin.
One of the most famous sightings occurred in November 1896 when a newspaper reported that the airship was spotted over Sacramento, California. The pilot was said to have communicated with stunned citizens below, declaring his craft had been developed by a local inventor. Reports flooded in from other areas, each new sighting adding layers to the growing enigma.
Mystery airship illustrated in the San Francisco Call, November 22, 1896
Theories and Speculation
As excitement grew, so did the range of theories about the identity of the airships. Some suggested they were the result of secretive military testing, while others posited that they were experimental aircraft developed by inventors hoping to capitalize on the burgeoning aerospace industry. Conspiracy theories soon emerged, suggesting the airships were extraterrestrial craft, aliens visiting Earth long before modern UFO sightings became popular.
Another prevalent theory was that the airships were elaborate hoaxes created by pranksters or con artists. The media of the time jumped at the chance to sensationalize these stories, leading to speculation and possibly embellished accounts. Whether the sightings had factual bases in truth or were mere products of an imaginative society was a question many grappled with.
The Decline of the Phenomenon
By the turn of the century, reports of the mysterious airships began to wane. As the 20th century ushered in advancements in aviation technology, the public’s focus shifted toward real developments in flight, including the Wright brothers’ first powered flight in 1903. Interest in the mystery airships diminished, becoming a curious footnote in UFO and aviation history.
Legacy and Cultural Impact
Even today, the legacy of the mystery airships endures in popular culture. They have been the subjects of countless books, documentaries, and podcasts exploring the thin line between reality and imagination. The 1896 sightings continue to be cited in discussions about early UFOs, serving as a fascinating precursor to the modern fascination with unidentified flying objects.
As we unravel this historical enigma, we are reminded of humanity’s insatiable curiosity about the skies above. Whether rooted in fact or fictional fantasy, the mystery of the 1896 airships still invites exploration into the unexplained and provokes questions that resonate through time.
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Conclusion
The saga of the mystery airships remains an intriguing chapter in history, defined by a blend of fact, fiction, and speculation. It serves as a timeless reminder of our quest for understanding the inexplicable mysteries that surround us. As we look to the future, it’s essential to keep questioning, exploring, and pondering, for who knows what other secrets the skies may hold?
If you’re intrigued by the mystery of the 1896 airships or have your own theories, please share your thoughts in the comments below! ✈️✨
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Chris Impey, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, University of Arizona
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
