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Noise from Urban Environments Affects the Color of Songbirds’ Beaks

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Study First to Test Effects of Urban Noise on Cognitive Performance and Beak Coloration During Development

Newswise — There is growing concern that anthropogenic noise has various damaging effects on wildlife in urban environments. Urban noise contains a wide range of frequencies, types of sounds such as from traffic, and varying amplitudes including sounds with rapid onset times that can be startling.

While studies have shown that noise pollution affects cognitive performance in some animal species including birds, a study by Florida Atlantic University is the first to test whether exposure to this noise has any effects on a bird’s beak.

For the study, researchers tested a songbird – the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Males have a colorful plumage of white, black, gray, orange and brown while females are uniformly gray. Males have bright red beaks while females’ beaks are orange. Their beak ornamentation is a social signal and a secondary sexual trait that can signal a male’s quality and affect female mate preference. Beak color also affects dominance hierarchies in male zebra finches.

Because results from previous studies have yielded mixed results, the FAU researchers conducted two separate experiments to determine the effects of anthropogenic noise on cognition, beak color, and growth in zebra finches. In the first experiment, they tested adult zebra finches on a battery of cognition assays while they were exposed to playbacks of urban noise versus birds tested without noise.

For the second experiment, researchers measured the cognitive performance of adult zebra finches on the same foraging tasks after raising them with consistent exposure to urban noise. They compared their performance to birds raised with exposure to “pink noise” (a type of noise control) or with exposure to the normal sounds of the aviary. They also tracked their growth and the development of their beak coloration during the first 90 days of life, and then tested the birds on the battery of cognition assays once they reached adulthood.

Results of the study, published in the journal Acta Ethologica, showed that urban noises caused the birds to take longer to learn a novel foraging task and to learn an association-learning task. While urban noise exposure during development did not affect growth rate or adult body size, treated males developed less bright beak coloration, and females developed beaks with brighter orange coloration, respectively, than untreated birds.

“Our finding suggest that urban noise exposure may affect morphological traits, such as beak color, which influence social interactions and mate choice,” said Rindy C. Anderson, Ph.D., senior author, an associate professor of biological sciences and director of the Behavioral Ecology and Bioacoustics Lab at FAU’s Davie campus within the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science and a member of the FAU Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute. “However, the mechanisms by which noise affects beak ornamentation remain unclear. If traffic noise raises corticosterone levels and corticosterone levels affect beak color, then it is possible that stress is mediating the effects of noise exposure on beak ornamentation.”

Findings showed that male finches exposed to normal aviary sounds had beaks that were brighter at day 90 compared to the urban and pink noise groups, while females showed more red hued beaks at day 90 in the urban and pink noise treatment groups. The beaks of juvenile zebra finches are black and begin to change color at about one month of age, typically reaching adult color at about 65 days old. This is likely why the researchers did not detect any effects of urban noise on beak color from measurements taken before the 90-day time point.

“Further research should investigate the effects of beak ornamentation on social hierarchies and mate selection in urban environments, and test whether social interaction in noisy environments can ameliorate negative effects from urban noise on traits such as problem-solving and neophobia or fear of new things,” said Anderson.

Study co-authors are FAU’s Charlie Daria, a graduate student; and Morgan C. Slevin, a doctoral student, both in the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science.

FAU’s Office of Undergraduate Research and Inquiry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, and the Department of Biological Sciences provided funding and logistical support for the study.

Source: Florida Atlantic University

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Sports

Green, multi-purpose recreation facility coming to Stellarton after arena retrofit

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STELLARTON, NS, July 17, 2024 /CNW/ – Stellarton Memorial Rink is getting an overhaul after an investment of $6 million from the federal government.

Minister Sean Fraser and Darren Stroud, President of the Stellarton Memorial Community Centre Association, announced the funding for this project that will turn the former arena into a green, multi-purpose, indoor recreation facility.

The project will revitalize and repurpose the former Stellarton Memorial Rink to make room to host a multitude of community events and will include an indoor walking track as well as new volleyball, basketball and pickleball courts. The facility will be renamed the Stellarton Memorial Community Centre in continued tribute to our fallen war veterans and will feature a removable stage for performances, modernized locker rooms, and retractable bleachers.

This federal government investment was made through the Green and Inclusive Community Buildings (GICB) and will ensure Stellarton Memorial Community Centre is accessible and energy efficient. Upgrades to the building include improved insulation and mechanical systems to allow for four season operation for indoor sports and recreation. The building will also be made fully accessible with upgraded entrance ways and washrooms.

Quotes

“Our government is committed to creating a greener and more inclusive future for all Canadians. The Stellarton Memorial Community Centre will provide multipurpose community space for all ages and abilities, while reducing its carbon footprint.”

The Honourable Sean Fraser, Minister of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities

“The Stellarton Memorial Rink has been part of our community for more than 75 years, playing an important role in the lives of many families and visitors to Stellarton. That’s why the provincial government has invested in revitalising and repurposing the rink so the community can continue to use it for a variety of activities.”

The Honourable Pat Dunn, Member of the Legislative Assembly for Pictou Centre

“We are thrilled and honoured with the investments placed by both Federal and Provincial governments in the Stellarton Memorial Community Centre project. This financial support will help to ensure this facility continues to honour our veterans while serving our community in a most inclusive and efficient manner for generations to come.”

Darren Stroud, President of the Stellarton Memorial Community Centre Association

Quick Facts

  • The federal government is investing $6 million in this project through the Green and Inclusive Community Buildings (GICB) program. The Government of Nova Scotia has previously announced a contribution of $2 million to this project.
  • These enhancements are expected to reduce the facility’s energy consumption by an estimated 101% and greenhouse gas emissions by 298 tonnes annually.
  • The GICB program was created in support of Canada’s Strengthened Climate Plan: A Healthy Environment and a Healthy Economy. It is supporting the Plan’s first pillar by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and helping develop higher resilience to climate change.
  • The program launched in 2021 with an initial investment of $1.5 billion over five years towards green and accessible retrofits, repairs or upgrades.
  • Budget 2024 announced an additional $500 million to support more projects through GICB until 2029.
  • At least 10% of funding is allocated to projects serving First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, including Indigenous populations in urban centres.
  • The funding announced today builds on the federal government’s work through the Atlantic Growth Strategy to create well-paying jobs and strengthen local economies.
  • Federal funding is conditional on the signing of the contribution agreement.

Associated Links

Green and Inclusive Community Buildings
https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/gicb-bcvi/index-eng.html

Strengthened Climate Plan
https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate-plan/climate-plan-overview.html

Federal infrastructure investments in Nova Scotia
https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/plan/prog-proj-ns-eng.html 

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Web: Housing, Infrastructure and Communities Canada

SOURCE Department of Housing, Infrastructure and Communities

https://stmdailynews.com/sports/

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Enterobacter bugandensis: A Superbug from the Stars and Its Implications for Space Exploration

NASA has discovered *Enterobacter bugandensis*, a multidrug-resistant superbug aboard the ISS, posing significant health risks to astronauts.

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space fire galaxy universe. Enterobacter bugandensis
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Enterobacter bugandensis

In a discovery that sounds straight out of a sci-fi horror film, NASA recently announced the identification of a new multidrug-resistant bacterium aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Dubbed Enterobacter bugandensis, this superbug not only raises eyebrows but also presents significant health risks for astronauts venturing into the great unknown.

The Discovery: An Unsettling Find

The identification of E. bugandensis is a chilling reminder of the unexpected challenges that come with space exploration. This bacterium has mutated in the isolated, unique environment of outer space, rendering it genetically distinct from its Earth-bound relatives. The result? A formidable adversary for human health, capable of resisting common antibiotics that would typically combat its terrestrial counterparts.

Collaborative research conducted by IIT Madras and NASA revealed a wealth of information about this superbug, encompassing its prevalence, distribution, and colonization patterns in the microgravity environment of the ISS. The results are not just startling; they compel us to rethink our approach to microbial management in space.

Sci-Fi or Reality? The Horror Unfolds

Imagine a creature lurking within the confines of the ISS, much like an antagonist from a John Carpenter film or the ominous Hunter Seeker robo-wasp from Dune: Part One. E. bugandensis has thrived in the station’s isolated systems, benefiting from the absence of natural competition. The bacterium’s ability to acquire iron and its interactions with other microorganisms have facilitated its extraordinary resilience.

Scientists have uncovered remarkable genomic adaptations that bolster the superbug’s ability to withstand the extreme conditions of space. These adaptations diverge significantly from those found in the more benign strains of bacteria typically encountered on Earth, emphasizing the unique challenges posed by microgravity.

Intimidating Adaptations for Survival

The incredible adaptability of microorganisms is well-documented; however, E. bugandensis takes this to a new level. While most microbes aboard the ISS exist in a state of relative stability, this superbug has undergone genomic changes that allow it to thrive in a microgravity environment. Such transformations are not merely survival tactics; they underscore the bacterium’s unique evolutionary path, setting it apart from any counterparts on our home planet.

As scientists delve deeper into the genetic nuances of E. bugandensis, they reveal a complex web of interactions with other microbial inhabitants of the ISS. This interplay not only ensures the bug’s survival but also raises alarms about the potential health risks it poses to astronauts, particularly concerning respiratory infections.

Astronaut Immunity: A Critical Concern

One of the most pressing issues surrounding E. bugandensis is the compromised immune systems of astronauts during long-duration missions. The microgravity environment induces various physiological changes that may leave astronauts more vulnerable to infections. With the presence of this resilient superbug aboard the ISS, the danger of illness becomes an even greater concern, especially given the limited access to medical facilities in space.

To mitigate these risks, NASA is prioritizing ongoing studies of E. bugandensis and other microorganisms aboard the ISS. Understanding the behavior and adaptations of these space-dwelling microbes is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Earthbound Implications: A Cautionary Tale

While the immediate focus is on the health risks posed to astronauts, the existence of E. bugandensis also raises questions about potential implications for Earth. Could a superbug adapted to the harsh realities of space somehow find its way back to our planet? While this scenario may sound like the plot of a science fiction thriller, it underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring microbial life in extraterrestrial environments.

Dr. Kasthuri Venkateswaran of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, along with a collaborative team from IIT Madras, has been at the forefront of this research. Their work not only highlights the challenges of microbial management in space but also emphasizes the need for robust biosecurity measures to protect both astronauts and life on Earth.

Conclusion: A New Chapter in Space Exploration

The discovery of Enterobacter bugandensis serves as a stark reminder of the complexities and unforeseen challenges of space exploration. As we journey further into the cosmos, understanding and managing the microbial life we encounter will be paramount for the health and safety of astronauts. In this new frontier, every unexpected finding—be it a superbug or a new form of life—requires careful consideration and proactive measures to ensure a safe return to Earth.

As we look to the stars, we must also remain grounded in our commitment to understanding the intricate web of life that exists, even in the most unwelcoming environments. The future of space exploration may depend on it.

Learn more about Enterobacter bugandensis in the peer-reviewed article published in Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23069-z

The science section of our news blog STM Daily News provides readers with captivating and up-to-date information on the latest scientific discoveries, breakthroughs, and innovations across various fields. We offer engaging and accessible content, ensuring that readers with different levels of scientific knowledge can stay informed. Whether it’s exploring advancements in medicine, astronomy, technology, or environmental sciences, our science section strives to shed light on the intriguing world of scientific exploration and its profound impact on our daily lives. From thought-provoking articles to informative interviews with experts in the field, STM Daily News Science offers a harmonious blend of factual reporting, analysis, and exploration, making it a go-to source for science enthusiasts and curious minds alike. https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/

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aerospace

The Return of Supersonic Travel: A Nostalgic Pilot’s First Look at the Future

Mike Bannister, former Concorde pilot, tests the futuristic flight deck of Boom Supersonic Overture.

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In the heart of the summer, at the bustling Farnborough International Airshow, a significant piece of aviation history intertwined with the future of supersonic travel. Mike Bannister, the former chief Concorde pilot renowned for his extensive experience with the iconic supersonic jet, took a remarkable step into the cockpit of the future. He had the unique opportunity to test the Overture flight deck simulator—introduced by Boom Supersonic—which promises to redefine high-speed commercial flight.


Bridging Generations of Aviation

The Concorde, retired two decades ago, was a symbol of speed and luxury, though encumbered with a complex cockpit crowded with knobs and gauges. Step into the era of Boom’s Overture, and the surroundings transform into something from a sci-fi film. The cockpit unveiled at the airshow, showcased sleek touchscreen interfaces replacing the myriad buttons of the past. The new design, according to Boom, centers around pilot convenience and a stark emphasis on safety.

“For someone who’s spent years flying a plane as iconic as the Concorde, seeing and experiencing the Overture’s advanced controls—it’s exhilarating,” Bannister shared after his simulation ride. “It’s not just about reliving the past speeds but stepping into a future where flying is not just faster but also significantly simpler.”

Simplicity and Safety in Design

The Overture’s designers have not simply focused on speed but brought forward a vision to streamline and enhance the flight experience. Incorporating feedback from real-world pilots, the cockpit is designed with an intuitive layout. Features like force-feedback sidesticks—a modern alternative to traditional yokes—offer pilots tactile feedback, mimicking the real-life responses of the aircraft.

“This new stick, it’s surprisingly intuitive,” remarked Brian Oliver, another former Concorde captain, echoing Bannister’s sentiments. “For someone who flew with yokes, adapting was a breeze, and the pressure feedback feels right.”

High-Tech Enhancements

Among the most futuristic aspects is the augmented reality system, replacing the old droop nose of the Concorde, which was mechanically lowered during takeoffs and landings to aid pilot visibility. Overture pilots will use augmented reality for enhanced situational awareness, benefiting from real-time digital overlays that guide safe landings and navigation.


Feedback from Wings of Experience

The transformation from analog to digital is stark, but former Consexual pilots find the transition smoother than anticipated. John Tye, another voice from Concorde’s past, commented on the ease with which he adapted to the controls: “It tells you something when you can jump into a simulator and almost immediately feel at home.”

Looking to the Skies

As we stand on the cusp of reviving commercial supersonic travel, the innovations in Overture’s cockpit represent a leap forward in making future air travel safer and more efficient. The advancements echo a shared sentiment among those who’ve commanded both Concorde and Overture: the spirit of supersonic travel is evolving, not just returning, and it’s coming with a promise of innovation crafted around the needs of those at the helm.

Boom Supersonic’s ambitions with Overture, reinforced by collaborations with leading aerospace technology experts, mark a committed step toward bringing the world closer, faster. As the prototypes transition into reality, both pilots and passengers may soon look forward to a new era where the allure of supersonic travel is commonplace, marrying nostalgia with groundbreaking advancements. Welcome back to the future of flying, where history meets innovation at mach speeds.

Read the story on the Boom Supersonic website: https://boomsupersonic.com/flyby/pilots-point-of-view-overtures-next-generation-flight-deck-mike-bannister

https://stmdailynews.com/boom-supersonic-announces-major-advances-in-overture-aircraft-and-symphony-engine-development/

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  • Rod Washington

    Rod: A creative force, blending words, images, and flavors. Blogger, writer, filmmaker, and photographer. Cooking enthusiast with a sci-fi vision. Passionate about his upcoming series and dedicated to TNC Network. Partnered with Rebecca Washington for a shared journey of love and art.

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