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Carbon Nanotubes and the Sustainability Puzzle

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Credit: Katie McKissick, The Kavli Foundation
Matteo Pasquali of Rice University discusses unlocking the power of carbon as a sustainable material, replacing conventional, hard-to-decarbonize materials widely used in infrastructure today.

Newswise — An international team of researchers receives over $4M to advance understanding of carbon nanotube synthesis and its potential for producing industrial materials more sustainably. The foundation’s $1.9M Kavli Exploration Award in Nanoscience for Sustainability sparked an additional $2.2M from Carbon Hub to pursue this important research. The collaboration is led by Matteo Pasquali of Rice University.

“This project is timely and important. The fundamental nanoscience research we are supporting today could eventually help unlock a completely new solution to a vexing sustainability puzzle: the inherent emissions from making steel and other metals. The project also enables the development of new experimental and theoretical methods with wide-ranging applications in nanomaterials, energy, and more,” said Jeff Miller, nanoscience program officer at The Kavli Foundation.

Manufacturing steel, aluminum, and copper generates over 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet these materials are in high demand. Since net-zero goals require a tripling of the electricity grid, this will require hundreds of millions of tons of these strong and conductive materials (among their myriad other uses). Significant efforts are underway to reduce metal manufacturing emissions, but what if instead these materials could be replaced with a sustainable alternative?

When synthesized and assembled properly, carbon nanotube fibers can have strength to rival steel and conductivity comparable to copper, making them a promising and more sustainable candidate to replace conventional materials widely used in infrastructure. Raw materials to make nanotubes – natural gas and other hydrocarbons – can be accessed in vast quantities but currently are burned as fuels. As the world turns to non-carbon energy, this resource could become available to produce global quantities of nanotubes, replacing dirtier materials and generating clean hydrogen as a byproduct.

“We already know how to make these materials with the right properties; now we have to understand how to make them efficiently and sustainably, which requires a completely different level of understanding of the underlying processes,” said Pasquali. “Once we figure it out, we will unlock the power of carbon as a sustainable material, and we will make clean hydrogen as a valuable co-product.”

Before this vision can be realized, basic science questions about carbon nanotube synthesis must be addressed. At a Kavli Foundation convening in May 2023, participants from a wide variety of disciplines developed a path to start bridging the gaps in scientific knowledge that are preventing scalable use of carbon nanotubes. For example, attendees noted that carbon nanotube synthesis has typically been studied through reductionist approaches, where a single process is isolated and investigated in detail. These studies have allowed progress, but much faster progress towards opening the kinetic black box could be possible in a more expansive approach that could untangle and characterize the coupling between physical and chemical processes. These discussions led directly to funding this research project.

The approach of this project could also exemplify a path for other materials in the science of scale-up technologies.

“The Kavli Foundation was willing to fund a collaboration of academia and national labs across three continents,” said Pasquali. “This allows us to bring together in a single program all the leading groups and would have been very difficult to accomplish through traditional funding routes.”

Carbon nanotubes come in many shapes and sizes, with different properties to match. With this funding, researchers hope to gain a more nuanced understanding of the reaction dynamics that produce carbon nanotubes, and more specifically, how to most effectively yield high-quality carbon nanotubes. This includes creating new tools and analytical techniques to understand these complex reactions—including how temperature, pressure, and other conditions affect the products—and how to characterize the yielded carbon nanotubes.

The collaborative team includes Rice University scientists Pasquali, Boris Yakobson and Thomas Senftle as well as researchers from universities across the U.S., Europe, and Asia.

  • Adam Boies at University of Cambridge
  • Mauro Bracconi, Matteo Maestri, and Matteo Pelucchi at Politecnico di Milano
  • Matteo Cargnello and Arun Majumdar at Stanford University
  • Phillip Christopher and Eric McFarland at UC Santa Barbara
  • Sili Deng at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Chris Hogan and Marien Simeni at University of Minnesota
  • Christian Reece at Harvard University
  • Eric Stach at University of Pennsylvania
  • Mauricio Terrones at Pennsylvania State University
  • Jeff Blackburn of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  • Jeff Fagan of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Seung Min Kin of the Korea Institute of Science & Technology
  • Benji Maruyama of the Air Force Research Laboratory
  • Raghu Sivaramakrishnan of Argonne National Laboratory
  • Juan Jose Vilatela of the Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Materials

Source: The Kavli Foundation

https://www.newswise.com/articles/carbon-nanotubes-and-the-sustainability-puzzle?sc=dwhn&user=10022176

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Tech

Cybersecurity Alert: CrowdStrike Faces Data Leak Threat from Hackers

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man people night dark. CrowdStrike Data Breach
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In a startling revelation, CrowdStrike, one of the leading cybersecurity firms in the United States, has reported that hackers have threatened to leak sensitive information about adversary groups it monitors. The situation escalated as the company confirmed that some of its private data had already been released online, raising significant concerns about cybersecurity protocols and the implications of such breaches.

The Nature of the Leak

On Wednesday evening, CrowdStrike disclosed that an internal database detailing the hacker groups it tracks had been compromised. This leak includes a wealth of information, echoing some data that the company has publicly shared in the past. The leaked details list 244 notable hacker groups, specifying their activity status (active, inactive, or retired), country of origin, targeted industries, and whether they are affiliated with government entities, hacktivist movements, or operate as independent cybercriminals.

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However, the hacker, operating under the alias “USDoD,” claims to possess even more sensitive data, including a list of “Indicators of Compromise.” These indicators are crucial digital footprints cybersecurity experts rely on to trace the activities of hacker groups. While the cybersecurity community often encounters threats of data leaks, it is uncommon for a major firm like CrowdStrike to publicly acknowledge such a claim without refuting it

The Implications of the Breach

The hacker group USDoD posted the leaked information on BreachForums, a well-known English-language hacker forum, which has raised alarms among cybersecurity experts. Although the leaked database was current as of June, CrowdStrike indicated it had been updated in July, suggesting that the breach occurred recently.

CrowdStrike’s acknowledgment of the leak is particularly concerning given the company’s recent history. Just days before this revelation, the firm faced criticism for a massive computer system crash attributed to a routine software update that inadvertently included a coding error. This incident affected an estimated 8.5 million Windows computers, disrupting operations across various sectors, including airlines, hospitals, and even the ticketing system for the upcoming Paris Olympics.

While CrowdStrike has asserted that the data breach is separate from the software glitch, the proximity of these events raises questions about the company’s cybersecurity measures and overall resilience against threats.

The Bigger Picture

The emergence of this data leak serves as a potent reminder of the ongoing challenges facing cybersecurity firms. As more sensitive information comes under threat, the implications extend beyond just the companies affected; they ripple through industries and economies.

Cybercriminals often exploit current events for personal gain and recognition, making it imperative for organizations to remain vigilant and proactive in their cybersecurity strategies. This incident underscores the importance of robust data protection measures and the need for continuous monitoring and rapid response capabilities.

Moving Forward

As the situation develops, CrowdStrike continues to monitor the threat posed by USDoD and the potential fallout from the leaked information. For organizations and individuals alike, this incident serves as a wake-up call to prioritize cybersecurity and to remain aware of the evolving tactics employed by cybercriminals.

The implications of this data leak go beyond CrowdStrike; they remind us of the ever-present vulnerabilities in our digital landscape. As we navigate an increasingly interconnected world, staying informed and adopting best practices in cybersecurity is more crucial than ever.

Read more about this story on the NBC News website: https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/crowdstrike-says-hackers-are-threatening-leak-sensitive-information-ad-rcna163675

https://stmdailynews.com/uspto-update-on-crowdstrike-it-outage-a-commitment-to-recovery/

STM Daily News is a vibrant news blog dedicated to sharing the brighter side of human experiences. Emphasizing positive, uplifting stories, the site focuses on delivering inspiring, informative, and well-researched content. With a commitment to accurate, fair, and responsible journalism, STM Daily News aims to foster a community of readers passionate about positive change and engaged in meaningful conversations. Join the movement and explore stories celebrating the positive impacts shaping our world.

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Automotive

Toyota Issues Safety Recall for 2022-2023 Tundra and Lexus LX Vehicles

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PLANO, Texas — Toyota has announced a safety recall affecting certain model year 2022-2023 Toyota Tundra and Lexus LX vehicles in North America. Approximately 102,000 vehicles, including both Toyota and Lexus brands, are involved in this recall across the United States.

Safety Recall

What’s the Issue?

The recall comes as a result of a manufacturing oversight where machining debris may not have been adequately cleared from the engine during production. In the affected vehicles, this debris can lead to several serious issues, including:

  • Engine knocking
  • Rough engine operation
  • Engine failure to start
  • Loss of motive power

The most concerning of these issues is the potential loss of motive power while driving at higher speeds, which significantly increases the risk of a crash.

What Will Toyota Do?

To address this issue, Toyota and Lexus dealers will replace the affected engines with new ones at no cost to customers. This recall is a proactive measure to ensure the safety and reliability of these vehicles.

Customer Notifications

Toyota plans to notify affected customers by late July 2024. If you own one of the impacted vehicles, it’s essential to stay informed about this recall to ensure your safety on the road.

How to Check If Your Vehicle is Affected

If you own a Toyota Tundra or Lexus LX and want to see if your vehicle is included in this safety recall, you can visit Toyota.com/recall or nhtsa.gov/recalls. Simply enter your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) or license plate information to check your vehicle’s status.

Need Assistance?

For any further questions or concerns, Toyota customer support is available through the Toyota Brand Engagement Center at 1-800-331-4331 for Toyota vehicles. For Lexus owners, support can be reached at 1-800-255-3987.

Safety recalls are a crucial part of the automotive industry, ensuring that potential issues are addressed before they lead to accidents. If you own one of the affected Toyota or Lexus vehicles, be sure to take action and stay updated on this important recall to keep yourself and your loved ones safe on the road.

STM Daily News is a vibrant news blog dedicated to sharing the brighter side of human experiences. Emphasizing positive, uplifting stories, the site focuses on delivering inspiring, informative, and well-researched content. With a commitment to accurate, fair, and responsible journalism, STM Daily News aims to foster a community of readers passionate about positive change and engaged in meaningful conversations. Join the movement and explore stories that celebrate the positive impacts shaping our world.

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Enterobacter bugandensis: A Superbug from the Stars and Its Implications for Space Exploration

NASA has discovered *Enterobacter bugandensis*, a multidrug-resistant superbug aboard the ISS, posing significant health risks to astronauts.

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space fire galaxy universe. Enterobacter bugandensis
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Enterobacter bugandensis

In a discovery that sounds straight out of a sci-fi horror film, NASA recently announced the identification of a new multidrug-resistant bacterium aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Dubbed Enterobacter bugandensis, this superbug not only raises eyebrows but also presents significant health risks for astronauts venturing into the great unknown.

The Discovery: An Unsettling Find

The identification of E. bugandensis is a chilling reminder of the unexpected challenges that come with space exploration. This bacterium has mutated in the isolated, unique environment of outer space, rendering it genetically distinct from its Earth-bound relatives. The result? A formidable adversary for human health, capable of resisting common antibiotics that would typically combat its terrestrial counterparts.

Collaborative research conducted by IIT Madras and NASA revealed a wealth of information about this superbug, encompassing its prevalence, distribution, and colonization patterns in the microgravity environment of the ISS. The results are not just startling; they compel us to rethink our approach to microbial management in space.

Sci-Fi or Reality? The Horror Unfolds

Imagine a creature lurking within the confines of the ISS, much like an antagonist from a John Carpenter film or the ominous Hunter Seeker robo-wasp from Dune: Part One. E. bugandensis has thrived in the station’s isolated systems, benefiting from the absence of natural competition. The bacterium’s ability to acquire iron and its interactions with other microorganisms have facilitated its extraordinary resilience.

Scientists have uncovered remarkable genomic adaptations that bolster the superbug’s ability to withstand the extreme conditions of space. These adaptations diverge significantly from those found in the more benign strains of bacteria typically encountered on Earth, emphasizing the unique challenges posed by microgravity.

Intimidating Adaptations for Survival

The incredible adaptability of microorganisms is well-documented; however, E. bugandensis takes this to a new level. While most microbes aboard the ISS exist in a state of relative stability, this superbug has undergone genomic changes that allow it to thrive in a microgravity environment. Such transformations are not merely survival tactics; they underscore the bacterium’s unique evolutionary path, setting it apart from any counterparts on our home planet.

As scientists delve deeper into the genetic nuances of E. bugandensis, they reveal a complex web of interactions with other microbial inhabitants of the ISS. This interplay not only ensures the bug’s survival but also raises alarms about the potential health risks it poses to astronauts, particularly concerning respiratory infections.

Astronaut Immunity: A Critical Concern

One of the most pressing issues surrounding E. bugandensis is the compromised immune systems of astronauts during long-duration missions. The microgravity environment induces various physiological changes that may leave astronauts more vulnerable to infections. With the presence of this resilient superbug aboard the ISS, the danger of illness becomes an even greater concern, especially given the limited access to medical facilities in space.

To mitigate these risks, NASA is prioritizing ongoing studies of E. bugandensis and other microorganisms aboard the ISS. Understanding the behavior and adaptations of these space-dwelling microbes is crucial for ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Earthbound Implications: A Cautionary Tale

While the immediate focus is on the health risks posed to astronauts, the existence of E. bugandensis also raises questions about potential implications for Earth. Could a superbug adapted to the harsh realities of space somehow find its way back to our planet? While this scenario may sound like the plot of a science fiction thriller, it underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring microbial life in extraterrestrial environments.

Dr. Kasthuri Venkateswaran of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, along with a collaborative team from IIT Madras, has been at the forefront of this research. Their work not only highlights the challenges of microbial management in space but also emphasizes the need for robust biosecurity measures to protect both astronauts and life on Earth.

Conclusion: A New Chapter in Space Exploration

The discovery of Enterobacter bugandensis serves as a stark reminder of the complexities and unforeseen challenges of space exploration. As we journey further into the cosmos, understanding and managing the microbial life we encounter will be paramount for the health and safety of astronauts. In this new frontier, every unexpected finding—be it a superbug or a new form of life—requires careful consideration and proactive measures to ensure a safe return to Earth.

As we look to the stars, we must also remain grounded in our commitment to understanding the intricate web of life that exists, even in the most unwelcoming environments. The future of space exploration may depend on it.

Learn more about Enterobacter bugandensis in the peer-reviewed article published in Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23069-z

The science section of our news blog STM Daily News provides readers with captivating and up-to-date information on the latest scientific discoveries, breakthroughs, and innovations across various fields. We offer engaging and accessible content, ensuring that readers with different levels of scientific knowledge can stay informed. Whether it’s exploring advancements in medicine, astronomy, technology, or environmental sciences, our science section strives to shed light on the intriguing world of scientific exploration and its profound impact on our daily lives. From thought-provoking articles to informative interviews with experts in the field, STM Daily News Science offers a harmonious blend of factual reporting, analysis, and exploration, making it a go-to source for science enthusiasts and curious minds alike. https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/

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