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NASA’s Earth Science Mission: Deciphering Climate Change

NASA’s Earth Science Missions: Exploring greenhouse gases and climate change to advance our understanding of our changing planet.

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On May 7, 2024, NASA announced the selection of four proposals for concept studies of missions to benefit humanity through the study of Earth science. Most of what we know about Earth has been gathered through NASA’s 60 years of observations from space, such as this image of our home planet as shown as a mosaic of data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer).
Credits: NASA

NASA has recently chosen four proposals for concept studies of missions to help advance our understanding of key areas in Earth science. These missions will focus on topics such as greenhouse gases, the ozone layer, ocean surface currents, and changes in ice and glaciers around the world.

The selection of these proposals is part of NASA’s Earth System Explorers Program, which conducts space science missions based on recommendations from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The program aims to enable high-quality Earth system science investigations focused on previously identified targets. In this case, NASA is prioritizing the study of greenhouse gases.

Nicky Fox, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, emphasizes the importance of these proposals in the face of our changing climate. As we continue to confront the challenges posed by climate change, the need for data and scientific research becomes even more crucial. These proposals will help us better prepare for the present and future challenges we face.

The first step in the selection process involves each of the chosen proposals receiving $5 million for a one-year mission concept study. After this study period, NASA will select two proposals to move forward with, expecting to launch these missions in 2030 and 2032. The total cost for each selected investigation is capped at $310 million, not including the rocket and access to space, which will be provided by NASA.

NASA has been at the forefront of Earth observations for over 60 years, and most of our current knowledge about our changing planet comes from these observations. With over two dozen Earth-observing satellites and instruments currently in orbit, the missions ultimately chosen from these proposals will contribute to this vast Earth observatory. Together, these missions provide complementary information on Earth’s oceans, land, ice, and atmosphere.

Let’s take a closer look at the four proposals selected for concept studies:

  1. The Stratosphere Troposphere Response using Infrared Vertically-Resolved Light Explorer (STRIVE):
    Led by Lyatt Jaegle at the University of Washington in Seattle, this mission aims to provide high-resolution measurements of temperature, atmospheric elements, and aerosol properties from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere. It also seeks to measure ozone and trace gases to monitor and understand the recovery of the ozone layer.
  2. The Ocean Dynamics and Surface Exchange with the Atmosphere (ODYSEA):
    Led by Sarah Gille at the University of California in San Diego, this satellite mission aims to measure ocean surface currents and winds simultaneously. By improving our understanding of air-sea interactions and surface current processes, ODYSEA will contribute to our knowledge of weather, climate, marine ecosystems, and human well-being.
  3. Earth Dynamics Geodetic Explorer (EDGE):
    Led by Helen Amanda Fricker at the University of California in San Diego, this mission focuses on observing the three-dimensional structure of terrestrial ecosystems and the surface topography of changing glaciers, ice sheets, and sea ice in response to climate change and human activity. EDGE aims to continue the measurements currently taken by ICESat-2 and GEDI.
  4. The Carbon Investigation (Carbon-I):
    Led by Christian Frankenberg at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, this investigation seeks to measure greenhouse gases and potentially quantify ethane simultaneously. By providing unprecedented spatial resolution and global coverage, Carbon-I will contribute to our understanding of the carbon cycle and the global methane budget.

These selected proposals represent NASA’s commitment to advancing our understanding of Earth’s changing climate. With these missions, NASA continues to play a crucial role in providing the data and scientific research needed to tackle the challenges we face today and in the future.

For more information about the Earth System Explorers Program, visit:

https://explorers.larc.nasa.gov/2023ESE

https://stmdailynews.com/category/science

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Space and Tech

Blue Origin Marks Milestone: 25th Mission to Space with Six Crew Aboard

Blue Origin successfully completes its 25th mission to space with a crew of six, including historic first Black astronaut candidate.

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Blue Origin, the aerospace manufacturer and spaceflight company founded by entrepreneur Jeff Bezos, reached another significant milestone today with the completion of its 25th mission to space. The mission, designated as the seventh human spaceflight for Blue Origin, carried a crew of six astronauts aboard its renowned New Shepard spacecraft.

"Blue Origin crew members inside the New Shepard spacecraft during the 25th mission to space."
The NS-25 Crew. Pictured from left to right: Gopi Thotakura, Mason Angel, Carol Schaller, Ed Dwight, Ken Hess, and Sylvain Chiron. (Photo: Blue Origin)

The crew for this historic flight included a diverse group of individuals, each with their own unique background and expertise. Mason Angel, Sylvain Chiron, Kenneth L. Hess, Carol Schaller, and Gopi Thotakura joined former Air Force Captain Ed Dwight, who holds a special place in history as the first Black astronaut candidate selected by President John F. Kennedy in 1961.

For Dwight, this flight provided a long-awaited opportunity to finally fulfill his dream of going to space. Despite being selected over half a century ago, circumstances at the time prevented him from realizing his journey beyond Earth’s atmosphere. However, today’s successful mission aboard New Shepard allowed Dwight to experience the wonders of space that he had long yearned for.

In addition to the invaluable experience for its crew, today’s achievement marks a significant milestone for the New Shepard program. With this latest flight, the reusable New Shepard rocket has carried a total of 37 individuals into space, showcasing the capability and reliability of Blue Origin’s technology.

The New Shepard spacecraft, named after celebrated astronaut Alan Shepard, is specifically designed for suborbital space tourism and research missions. It consists of a crew capsule and a booster rocket that work together to propel the crew to the edge of space. The capsule then detaches from the booster, allowing the astronauts to experience weightlessness and enjoy the breathtaking views before descending back to Earth under parachutes.

Blue Origin’s commitment to making space more accessible to all has been a driving force behind its achievements. By focusing on reusability and technological advancements, the company is pioneering new possibilities for suborbital spaceflight. Through missions like today’s, Blue Origin is not only pushing the boundaries of space exploration but also opening doors for future space travelers.

As Blue Origin continues its journey, the company remains dedicated to its founding principles of safety, reliability, and affordability. With each successful mission, it brings us closer to a future where space tourism becomes a reality for people from all walks of life.

The completion of the 25th mission to space with a crew of six onboard is a remarkable feat for Blue Origin. It represents a major step forward in the company’s quest to make space more accessible and underscores the importance of continued innovation in the realm of commercial space travel.

Congratulations to Blue Origin and the entire crew for their successful mission and for inspiring a new generation of explorers to reach for the stars.

view a full replay of today’s flight 

If you’re interested in flying on New Shepard as an astronaut or flying a payload on a future mission, visit BlueOrigin.com. You can also purchase commemorative merchandise from today’s mission at the Blue Origin Shop

Source: Blue Origin

https://stmdailynews.com/blue-origins-ns-25-mission-launch-date-set-and-historic-inclusion-of-first-black-astronaut-candidate/

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NASA Awards Expand Research Capabilities at Institutions Nationwide

NASA is allocating around $45 million to 21 higher education institutions to enhance research capacity.

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NASA is awarding approximately $45 million to 21 higher-education institutions to help build capacity for research. The awards were made possible through the Minority University Research and Education Project Institutional Research Opportunity (MIRO) and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) grants, which are funded by the agency’s Office of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Engagement.

NASA is allocating around $45 million to 21 higher education institutions to enhance research capacity.
A photo of a team of researchers from the University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras while working to discover a more efficient water recycling system for use on space missions. The team is comprised of doctoral students Liz Santiago-Martoral, on the left, and Alondra Rodriguez-Rolon, and their mentor Professor Eduardo Nicolau. One of their experiments can be seen on the countertop to the left of the group.
Credits: NASA

“NASA’s Minority University Research and Education Project Institutional Research Opportunity and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research awards help institutions raise their technological bar,” said Torry Johnson, deputy associate administrator of STEM Engagement Programs at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “When institutions enhance their capabilities and infrastructure, they become more competitive in their research, which opens doors to valuable experience and opportunities.”

Minority University Research and Education Project Institutional Research Opportunity (MIRO) Awards

Seven minority-serving institutions will receive approximately $5 million each over a five-year period of performance for projects that span a variety of research topics. The institutions and their proposed projects are:

  • Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage – Alaska Pacific University Microplastics Research and Education Center
  • California State University in Fullerton – SpaceIgnite Center for Advanced Research-Education in Combustion
  • City University of New York, Hunter College in New York – NASA-Hunter College Center for Advanced Energy Storage for Space
  • Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University in Tallahassee – Integrative Space Additive Manufacturing: Opportunities for Workforce-Development in NASA Related Materials Research and Education
  • New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark – AI Powered Solar Eruption Center of Excellence in Research and Education
  • University of Houston in Houston – NASA MIRO Inflatable Deployable Environment and Adaptive Space Systems Center
  • University of Illinois in Chicago – Center for In-Space Manufacturing: Recycling and Regolith Processing

NASA’s MIRO award was established to strengthen and develop research capacity and infrastructure of minority serving institutions in areas of strategic importance and value to NASA missions and national priorities.

Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) Award

NASA establishes partnerships with government, higher education, and industry to create lasting improvements in research infrastructure and capacity for specific states or regions, while enhancing its national research and development competitiveness. The program is directed at those jurisdictions that have traditionally not participated in competitive aerospace and aerospace-related research activities.

NASA will award 14 institutions up to $750,000 each over the course of a three-year period of performance. The awarded institutions and their projects are:

  • University of Mississippi in University – Development of a Lagrangian Stability Analysis Framework for High-Speed Boundary Layers
  • University of Alabama in Huntsville – Testing the functionality and performance of a large area detector for STROBE-X
  • Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge – Colloidal Assembly: Understanding the Electric Field Driven Assembly of Colloids and its Applications (Science Mission Directorate)
  • West Virginia University in Morgantown – Science Mission Directorate: Bringing Gravitational-Wave Astronomy into the Space Age: Next-Generation Waveform Modeling of Black-Hole Binary Coalescences for Laser Intererometer Space Antenna Data Analysis
  • University of Puerto Rico in San Juan – NASA EPSCoR: Space Technology Mission Directorate/Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Advancing High-Energy, Cycle-Stable Sulfur-Based Batteries for NASA Space Missions: An Integrated Framework of Density Functional Theory, Machine Learning, and Materials Innovation
  • Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada – NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California: Prospecting and Pre-Colonization of the Moon and Mars using Autonomous Robots with Human-In-The-Loop
  • Oklahoma State University in Stillwater – A.7.4.2 Biosignature Detection of Solar System Ocean Worlds using Science-Guided Machine Learning
  • Iowa State University in Ames – Johnson Space Center, Ames Research Center: Non-GPS Navigation System Using Dual Star/Planetary Cameras for Lunar and Deep-Space CubeSat Missions
  • University of Alaska Fairbanks in Fairbanks – NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland: The Alaska – Venus analog: synthesizing seismic ground motion and wind noise in extreme environments
  • University of the Virgin Islands in Charlotte Amalie – University of the Virgin Islands Etelman Observatory in the Era of Time Domain and MultiMessenger Astronomy: Preparing for a New Era of Science Productivity
  • University of Hawaii at Manoa in Honolulu – Cubesats for Climate Change Detection of Transient Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • University of Idaho in Moscow – Science Mission Directorate and Goddard Space Flight Center: Improving Global Dryland Streamflow Modeling by Better Characterizing Vegetation Use of Deep-Water Resources Using NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment/Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On, SWOT, and Land Information System
  • University of Arkansas in Little Rock – AR- III-Nitride Ultraviolet Laser Diodes for Harsh Environments, Space Based Communications, and Remote Sensing (Space Technology Mission Directorate)
  • South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in Rapid City – Science Mission Directorate: High Spatial-Temporal Resolution Soil Moisture Retrieval using Deep Learning Fusion of Multimodal Satellite Datastreams

Both awards were made through NASA’s Office of STEM engagement solicitations. They promote STEM literacy to enhance and sustain the capability of institutions to perform NASA-related research and education, which directly supports the agency’s mission directorates.

For more information about NASA STEM, visit:

https://stem.nasa.gov

Source: NASA


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Blue Origin’s NS-25 Mission: Launch Date Set and Historic Inclusion of First Black Astronaut Candidate

Blue Origin’s NS-25 Mission: Historic launch date set with America’s first Black astronaut candidate onboard. Stay tuned for details!

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New Shepard’s Crewed NS-25 Mission Targets Liftoff on May 19
Blue Origin announced today its seventh human flight, NS-25, will lift off from Launch Site One in West Texas on Sunday, May 19. The launch window opens at 8:30 AM CDT / 1330 UTC. The webcast on BlueOrigin.com will start at T-40 minutes.

"Blue Origin's NS-25 mission launch featuring America's first Black astronaut candidate and a diverse crew."
NS-25 mission patch

Additionally, Blue Origin released the NS-25 mission patch. A few of the symbols embedded include:

The Gemini spacecraft represents Ed Dwight’s aerospace training era. The hand lifting the crew capsule is a nod to his extensive artwork.

The sunrise represents Mason Angel and Carol Schaller’s desire to experience the overview effect.

The mountains symbolize Carol Schaller, Gopi Thotakura, and Sylvain Chiron’s passion for climbing and skiing.

The crew capsule’s leaf design reflects the groundbreaking family heritage software Kenneth L. Hess developed.

"Blue Origin's NS-25 mission launch featuring America's first Black astronaut candidate and a diverse crew."

NS-25 Mission Crew


New Shepard’s 25th Mission Includes America’s First Black Astronaut Candidate
April 4, 2024

Blue Origin today revealed the six-person crew flying on its NS-25 mission. The crew includes Mason Angel, Sylvain Chiron, Kenneth L. Hess, Carol Schaller, Gopi Thotakura, and former Air Force Captain Ed Dwight, who was selected by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 as the nation’s first Black astronaut candidate but was never granted the opportunity to fly to space.
Meet the Crew
Ed Dwight

In 1961, Ed was chosen by President John F. Kennedy to enter training at the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), an elite U.S. Air Force flight training program known as a pathway for entering the NASA Astronaut Corps. In 1963, after successfully completing the ARPS program, Ed was recommended by the U.S. Air Force for the NASA Astronaut Corps but ultimately was not among those selected. He entered private life in 1966 and spent a decade as an entrepreneur before dedicating his life’s work to using sculpture as a medium to tell the story of Black history. He’s spent the last five decades creating large-scale monuments of iconic Black figures, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad, among many others. His more than 130 public works are installed in museums and public spaces across the U.S. and Canada. Ed was born in 1933 and raised in Kansas City, KS.

Ed’s seat is sponsored by Space for Humanity, a nonprofit changing global perspectives by democratizing access to space for all of humanity, with additional support from the Jaison and Jamie Robinson Foundation.

Mason Angel

Mason is the founder of Industrious Ventures, a venture capital fund supporting early-stage companies that enable or progress new industrial revolutions. Mason is an active member in his family’s foundation and will use this mission to inspire children and advance partnerships with nonprofits focused on STEM in early education. He spends his free time skiing or hiking in the Rocky Mountains and can often be found with his dog Leo, named for low Earth orbit.

Sylvain Chiron

Sylvain is the founder of the Brasserie Mont Blanc, one of the largest craft breweries in France. Sylvain was born in the French Alps and is a lifelong aviator and skier. He earned his pilot’s license at age 16. After spending several summers in Florida taking additional flying lessons and watching Space Shuttle launches, Sylvain entered mandatory service in the French military, where he served as a ski instructor for the French Air Force and NATO pilots. Following the military, he pursued an international MBA at Temple University and moved to Tokyo to study business in Japan. Sylvain and his family are based in Savoy, France, where he’s also involved in philanthropy focused on children’s education and nature preservation.

Kenneth L. Hess

Ken is a software engineer and entrepreneur who shaped today’s technology-based family history industry when he developed the Family Tree Maker product line in the 1990s. The company was acquired by Ancestry.com in 2003. In 2001, Ken gave back by founding Science Buddies, a K-12 nonprofit created to level the playing field and improve STEM literacy by inspiring students through free, personalized, hands-on projects in all areas of science, including space exploration. Science Buddies has reached one-quarter billion users. Ken’s lifelong passion for space exploration is in his DNA, with numerous early American pioneers in his mother’s lineage and many engineers and technicians in his father’s.

Carol Schaller

Carol is a retired CPA. In 2017, her doctor told her she would likely go blind. She has since traveled to 25 countries around the world, visited Mount Everest Base Camp, trekked to the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest of Uganda to see mountain gorillas, visited the South Pole, and camped in a tent in the desolate Antarctic plain at -20 degrees. Seeing Earth’s thin layer of atmosphere in the blackness of space will fulfill a lifelong dream. Carol and her husband of 40 years live on a farm in Lumberville, PA, with a view of the stars, two cows, 100 chickens, a dog, and a dancing parrot.

Gopi Thotakura

Gopi is a pilot and aviator who learned how to fly before he could drive. He’s co-founder of Preserve Life Corp, a global center for holistic wellness and applied health located near Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In addition to flying jets commercially, Gopi pilots bush, aerobatic, and seaplanes, as well as gliders and hot air balloons, and has served as an international medical jet pilot. A lifelong traveler, his most recent adventure took him to the summit of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Gopi is a graduate of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.

Each astronaut will carry a postcard to space on behalf of Blue Origin’s foundation, Club for the Future. This program gives students access to space on Blue Origin’s rockets, including an all-digital method to create and send postcards, which can be found here. The Club’s mission is to inspire and mobilize future generations to pursue careers in STEAM for the benefit of Earth.

From an environmental standpoint, nearly 99% of New Shepard’s dry mass is reused, including the booster, capsule, engine, landing gear, and parachutes. New Shepard’s engine is fueled by highly efficient liquid oxygen and hydrogen. During flight, the only byproduct is water vapor with no carbon emissions.

The flight date will be announced soon.

https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-25-mission-announcement

Follow Blue Origin on XInstagramFacebookLinkedInThreads, and YouTube, and sign up on BlueOrigin.com to stay current on all mission details. 

About Blue Origin

Blue Origin is a private aerospace company founded by Jeff Bezos in 2000. With its headquarters in Kent, Washington, Blue Origin aims to make space travel more accessible and sustainable. The company’s mission is centered around developing technologies to enable human colonization of space and to protect the Earth by shifting heavy industry to space.

Source: Blue Origin

https://stmdailynews.com/category/science


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