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NASA funds UC Irvine-led mission to record changes in Antarctica’s ice sheet

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Researchers will use data from upcoming and existing international satellite missions
Eric In Antarctica
Eric Rignot, UCI professor of Earth system science, went on an expedition to Antarctica in the spring of 2023. His team recently won a $2.8 million grant from NASA to conduct a thorough survey of the condition of the southern continent’s ice sheet, using advanced satellite radar and other tools. Eric Rignot / UCI

Newswise — Irvine, Calif., Oct. 26, 2023 – NASA has awarded a $2.8 million grant to researchers at the University of California, Irvine for a five-year project to survey Antarctica’s ice sheet. Led by Eric Rignot, UCI professor of Earth system science, the newly funded endeavor aims to provide the most detailed record yet of the condition of glaciers on the vast southern continent.

Primarily using data from the upcoming NISAR satellite mission, a collaboration between NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Indian Space Research Organization, the UCI glaciologists will also incorporate observations from the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites, the U.S./Finnish ICEYE constellation, the Canadian RCM constellation and Japan’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite mission.

This will be the fourth time NASA has approved financial support for the Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments program; each grant has covered a five-year period, for a total of 20 years.

“The MEaSUREs program is unique among all space agency projects in that it provides funding for scientists to develop advanced geophysical products of interest to the community and that go beyond what the missions produce on their own,” Rignot said. “The assets we have developed as part of this effort are considered the premium datasets for the research community, especially climate modelers.”

Earlier phases of the program resulted in a continental map of ice velocity in Antarctica released in 2011; a mapping of grounding lines – where the ice leaves the land and begins to float in the ocean – also published in 2011; and the creation of a new bed topography – a mapping of the ground surface beneath the ice – in 2018. These products have since been enhanced and updated on an annual basis.

One of the most significant MEaSUREs outcomes was an advanced topographical tool called BedMachine Antarctica, unveiled in 2019. Mathieu Morlighem, a former associate professor of Earth system science at UCI, led that effort. He is now the Evans Family Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth and will continue as the bed topography project partner with the UCI group.

Rignot said a new focus of his team will be expanding the area of inquiry around glacier grounding lines that polar ice researchers consider to be highly susceptible to the effects of global climate change.

“Our recent research in both Antarctica and Greenland has shown that the ice sheet vulnerability is impacted by the interaction of ocean water, which is warming as a result of global climate change, and the undersides of glaciers,” he said. “Accelerated melting is happening not just at the grounding line, where the ice meets the ocean, but farther inland, where we’ve seen cavities forming. We’ve come to identify this area as the grounding zone.”

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Rignot said he is expecting to make “major discoveries and advances” with this mission.

“We are moving to a set of products that only use the interferometric phase of synthetic aperture radar data, which results in an improvement in ice velocity accuracy by a factor of 10, and we will produce maps at a finer sample spacing,” he said. “NISAR is an especially exciting mission for us because its radar is pointing south (most radars are pointing north), and it will provide complete coverage of the continent every 12 days.”

Rignot noted that MEaSUREs-4 would not be possible without the participation of his team, including Morlighem; Bernd Scheuchl, UCI researcher in Earth system science; and Seongsu Jeong, UCI assistant project scientist in Earth system science, who is now at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. And he made a special mention of Jeremie Mouginot, a UCI Earth system science researcher who died in September 2022.

“Jeremie was a central member of the team, the main architect of the complex structure assembled to process not hundreds but thousands of interferometric SAR pairs from multiple satellites, and also an outstanding scientist with a great publication record,” Rignot said. “His legacy will carry us on for MEaSUREs-4, and we would like to dedicate this new project to his memory.”

Also a senior research scientist at NASA JPL, he added, “As of today, we are not aware of a project of comparable ambition in Antarctica. Our team is relatively small, but we hope to keep the UCI name at the top of the game for this project and help the scientific community benefit the most from the new satellite missions.”

About the University of California, Irvine: Founded in 1965, UCI is a member of the prestigious Association of American Universities and is ranked among the nation’s top 10 public universities by U.S. News & World Report. The campus has produced five Nobel laureates and is known for its academic achievement, premier research, innovation and anteater mascot. Led by Chancellor Howard Gillman, UCI has more than 36,000 students and offers 224 degree programs. It’s located in one of the world’s safest and most economically vibrant communities and is Orange County’s second-largest employer, contributing $7 billion annually to the local economy and $8 billion statewide. For more on UCI, visit www.uci.edu.

Media access: Radio programs/stations may, for a fee, use an on-campus ISDN line to interview UCI faculty and experts, subject to availability and university approval. For more UCI news, visit news.uci.edu. Additional resources for journalists may be found at https://news.uci.edu/media-resources/.

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Source: University of California, Irvine

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Space and Tech

Blue Origin New Shepard Completes 28th Mission to Space

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New Shepard
The NS-28 Crew (left to right): Sharon Hagle, Marc Hagle, Emily Calandrelli, J.D. Russell, Hank Wolfond, and Austin Litteral.

On November 22, 2024, Blue Origin marked a significant milestone in its spaceflight journey by successfully completing the 28th mission of its New Shepard program. This flight represented a technological triumph and an inspiring step forward for space tourism, showcasing the continued dedication to making space accessible to all.

A Historic Crew

This mission featured a remarkable crew of six astronauts, including well-known science communicator Emily Calandrelli, along with seasoned space travelers Sharon and Marc Hagle, Austin Litteral, James (J.D.) Russell, and Henry (Hank) Wolfond. Notably, both Sharon and Marc Hagle took to the skies for their second journey on New Shepard, demonstrating their commitment to the exploration of our universe.

With this latest flight, New Shepard has successfully transported a total of 47 individuals to the edge of space, with three astronauts having enjoyed the unique experience of flying twice. This achievement underscores Blue Origin’s growing role in the burgeoning field of commercial space travel.

A Mission with Purpose

Phil Joyce, Senior Vice President of New Shepard, expressed the profound impact of space travel on astronauts. “It’s always moving to witness an astronaut crew return from space changed by their experience on New Shepard,” he shared following the mission’s successful conclusion. Joyce emphasized the importance of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) in inspiring future generations, a core value driving Blue Origin’s mission.

The experiences of returning astronauts not only transform their perspectives but also resonate with audiences on Earth, igniting a passion for exploration and innovation. The flight serves as a reminder of the boundless opportunities that await those who dare to dream of the stars.

Looking Ahead

As Blue Origin continues to pave the way for a future where space travel is a reality for many, they invite those interested in joining the adventure. If you’ve ever dreamt of soaring to the edge of space as an astronaut or wish to send a payload on a future mission, visit BlueOrigin.com for more information. Additionally, fans of the mission can commemorate this remarkable flight by visiting the Blue Origin Shop, where exclusive merchandise from today’s mission is available.

In conclusion, the success of New Shepard’s 28th mission underscores Blue Origin’s commitment to advancing space tourism and exploration. Each flight not only carries passengers but also hope for a future where space is accessible for everyone. As we look to the stars, let us continue to inspire one another to reach for new heights!

Stay tuned as Blue Origin prepares for its next groundbreaking adventure!

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Blue Origin says that if you’re interested in flying on New Shepard as an astronaut or flying a payload on a future mission, visit BlueOrigin.com. You can also purchase commemorative merchandise from today’s mission at the Blue Origin Shop

https://www.blueorigin.com

The science section of our news blog STM Daily News provides readers with captivating and up-to-date information on the latest scientific discoveries, breakthroughs, and innovations across various fields. We offer engaging and accessible content, ensuring that readers with different levels of scientific knowledge can stay informed. Whether it’s exploring advancements in medicine, astronomy, technology, or environmental sciences, our science section strives to shed light on the intriguing world of scientific exploration and its profound impact on our daily lives. From thought-provoking articles to informative interviews with experts in the field, STM Daily News Science offers a harmonious blend of factual reporting, analysis, and exploration, making it a go-to source for science enthusiasts and curious minds alike. https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/

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A Close Encounter: Asteroid 2006 WB Zooms Past Earth Tomorrow

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Asteroid


As we gaze up at the night sky, pondering the vastness of the universe, an intriguing event is set to unfold: a football field-sized asteroid is making its way past Earth tomorrow. Named 2006 WB, this celestial traveler is estimated by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to be about 310 feet across, although its size could range anywhere from 240 to 525 feet. For perspective, a football field measures approximately 360 feet in width, making this asteroid a formidable presence as it skims by our planet.

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Approaching Asteroid

At a distance of 554,000 miles—roughly twice the distance to the Moon—2006 WB will pass by us at a speed of about 4.2 km/s, or approximately 9,400 mph. This velocity is several times faster than a bullet fired from a rifle, which can travel up to around 2,700 mph. While 554,000 miles may sound distant, it is remarkably close on a solar system scale, especially when compared to our neighboring planet Venus, which can be about 24 million miles away at its closest approach.

In addition to 2006 WB, there are four other asteroids making their own close passes in the coming days. Today, two bus-sized asteroids, 2024 WF2 and 2024 WJ3, will soar past Earth at distances of 1,780,000 miles and 2,780,000 miles, respectively. Following them, the plane-sized 2009 WB105 will come within 3,600,000 miles, and on Tuesday, another bus-sized asteroid, 2024 WD3, will pass at around 1,080,000 miles.

Jay Tate, director of the United Kingdom’s Spaceguard Centre observatory, highlights that asteroids are frequently zipping past Earth, often without much public awareness. 2006 WB falls into the category of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), defined as objects that come within 30 million miles of our planet. NEOs are monitored closely, with over 34,000 identified in our solar system, and the JPL’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) actively tracking at least 2,300 potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).

While the odds of a large asteroid impacting Earth are exceedingly low, the consequences of such an event could be catastrophic. Svetla Ben-Itzhak, an assistant professor of space and international relations at Johns Hopkins University, warns that a cosmic body of 460 feet in diameter could obliterate an entire city and wreak regional havoc. In contrast, larger objects exceeding 1 kilometer in diameter could have far-reaching global implications, potentially leading to mass extinction.

Fortunately, the asteroids currently making their approach, including 2006 WB, do not fall within the category of potentially hazardous objects due to their size and the distances they will maintain from our planet. As we continue to advance our understanding of these celestial bodies, the importance of tracking and monitoring NEOs remains paramount for the safety of humanity.

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As we prepare for the close encounter with 2006 WB, let us appreciate the wonders of our universe and the ongoing efforts of scientists and astronomers dedicated to keeping watch over our cosmic neighborhood. Stay tuned for more updates as we witness the majestic dance of these asteroids in the sky above.

Related link:

https://www.newsweek.com/asteroid-near-earth-object-approaching-football-field-space-nasa-1990996

The science section of our news blog STM Daily News provides readers with captivating and up-to-date information on the latest scientific discoveries, breakthroughs, and innovations across various fields. We offer engaging and accessible content, ensuring that readers with different levels of scientific knowledge can stay informed. Whether it’s exploring advancements in medicine, astronomy, technology, or environmental sciences, our science section strives to shed light on the intriguing world of scientific exploration and its profound impact on our daily lives. From thought-provoking articles to informative interviews with experts in the field, STM Daily News Science offers a harmonious blend of factual reporting, analysis, and exploration, making it a go-to source for science enthusiasts and curious minds alike. https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/


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That year LA declared it was at “Peak Car!”

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Peak Car
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Was there a time it was considered that “The City of Angeles,” had reached “Peak Car?”

I recently came across an article posted by the Metro Digital Resources Librarian on the Dorothy Peyton Gray Transportation Library and Archive web site run by Metro Los Angeles. The article talked about LA’s new obsession with the automobile and how it gained popularity, in the early 1920s.

Peak Car Era

Library researchers pointed out that notable resources concurred with this, including Scott L. Bottles’ Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City, and Ashleigh Brilliant’s The Great Car Craze, How Southern California Collided with the Automobile in the 1920s.

The automobile was new and fresh, and also offered freedom to its owners, who realized that they could become more mobile and not rely solely on the massive LA street car network at the time.  The number of vehicle registrations in Los Angeles had quadrupled in just an eight-year period from 1914-1922.

“Automobile use exploded as the passenger vehicle transitioned from a hobbyist’s pursuit to a relatively affordable means of getting around the sprawling region and beyond.”

Metro Librarian found out what was happening on the public transit side of the story when they found an article published in Electric Railway Journal titled “California and Her Tractions, Part II.

MetroDigital Resource Librarian:

As one of several features titled “A Series of Articles on Salient Phases of the Electric Railway Situation,” author Edward Hungerford details the then current state of public transit in the Los Angeles area.

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And within that overview, he interviews Paul Shoup, Pacific Electric Railways president and vice-president of Southern Pacific Company.

Hungerford documents Pacific Electric’s earnings in a recent six-month period, and asks Shoup “for the real translation of these figures.”

Shoup responds by stating:

They mean that the peak of the competition of the automobile, publicly or privately owned or operated, has been reached out here — and passed. Not only is the rapidly rising cost of cars and tires and gasoline and oil beginning to deter the overenthusiastic motorists, but I think that the novelty of excessive motor riding also is rather wearing off. The hazards of driving on crowded highways are becoming more apparent and parking spaces in towns and cities more a question of doubt.

In addition to our great numbers of motor stage routes in every direction, we now have some 500,000 automobiles in California licensed for pleasure purposes, to which should be added the cars owned and operated by the 100,000 Easterners who come out here every winter. The competitive effect of all these cars has been, and still is, vast indeed. But we already can see in it a declining curve.

Yes, you read that right, Shoup declared that personal vehicle usage had peaked and that it was on the decline.

Shoup explains that Los Angeles Railway profits were consistent with those of Pacific Electric, but acknowledges that “increases in both operating cost and taxes had gone ahead a little more than proportionately.” But he intimates that the rising cost of automobile operation (gas, tires) means that cars will cease their encroachment into transit’s share of mobility.

MetroDigital Resource Librarian:

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This statement was part of an interview published in a national journal. Was he telling industry professionals what they wanted to hear? Did he want to assuage fears of rail employees that their jobs were going to disappear as more people purchased and used automobiles? Was he hoping that his perspective would turn into a self-fulfilling prophecy so he could remain atop Pacific Electric and Southern Pacific?

You can read the full article here: https://metroprimaryresources.info/when-los-angeles-was-declared-to-have-hit-peak-car-in-1920/15665/

https://stmdailynews.com/blog

https://stmdailynews.com/category/stm-blog/blog/

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  • Rod Washington

    Rod: A creative force, blending words, images, and flavors. Blogger, writer, filmmaker, and photographer. Cooking enthusiast with a sci-fi vision. Passionate about his upcoming series and dedicated to TNC Network. Partnered with Rebecca Washington for a shared journey of love and art. View all posts


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