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What’s driving re-burns across California and the West?

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As climate change sparks more new fires in old burn areas, understanding the underlying causes can help shape land-management strategies
California
Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory
Fires scorching previously burned land are increasing at about the same rate as wildfires in the West. Understanding how to predict them provides a new tool for getting ahead of the problem.
« What’s driving re-burns across California and the West?

Newswise — LOS ALAMOS, N.M. — Seasonal temperature, moisture loss from plants and wind speed are what primarily drive fires that sweep across the same landscape multiple times, a new study reveals. These findings and others could help land managers plan more effective treatments in areas susceptible to fire, particularly in the fire-ravaged wildland-urban interfaces of California.

“Rapid climate change is the force behind these re-burns, which are increasing across the West at roughly the same rate as single-burn fires,” said Kurt Solander, a hydrologist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Solander is corresponding author of the artificial-intelligence-based paper in the journal Environmental Research: Climate. “Predictive computer models of re-burns are thus essential to better understand their causes so that forest management practices, such as prescribed burns and forest thinning, can be updated to account for these events.”

The study defined re-burns as areas that burned multiple times over 10 to 20 years. Other factors contributing to re-burns include monthly minimum and maximum temperatures, canopy moisture levels, precipitation, runoff and more.

Re-burns threatening more of the West

Climate change is sparking more re-burns across the American West, Solander said, on a frequency comparable to single-burn fires. The study applied two forms of artificial intelligence to data about re-burns that occurred between 1984-2018 for the 11 Western U.S. states, an area of about 34,000 square miles and roughly equal to the size of Indiana. The study also analyzed data specifically from California.

To understand the role of people in these fires, the researchers zoomed in on re-burns that occurred in the wildland-urban interface. That included areas with more than 2.4 houses per square mile and covered at least 50% by wildland vegetation and areas with higher settlement densities and less than 50% wildland vegetation coverage lying within at least a mile and a half of heavily forested land. 

California was the only state where the rate of increase in the number of re-burns was consistently higher in the wildland-urban interfaces across all time periods, suggesting a stronger influence there by human activity.

“Human activity is so important in California because it causes about 90% of ignitions, versus much lower levels in other areas of the West, where lightning causes more fires,” Solander said. Human activity includes everything from an out-of-control campfire to a downed power line or the hitch of a trailer dragging on pavement and causing sparks, he said.

The massive, historic Camp Fire in California in 2018 was caused by power lines and burned 153,336 acres, destroyed 18,804 structures and resulted in 85 civilian fatalities. “The fire burned across land that had experienced about a dozen fires in the previous two decades,” Solander said.

By understanding the conditions that fuel re-burns and being able to predict where they might occur, agencies responsible for wildfire mitigation can focus more of their efforts on prescribed burns and thinning and possibly come up with novel effective treatment strategies that are more resistant to re-burns in those areas, Solander said.

The paper: “The drivers and predictability of wildfire re-burns in the western United States,” Environmental Research: Climate. DOI: 10.1088/2752-5295/acb079

The funding: Information Science and Technology Institute at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Source:  Los Alamos National Laboratory

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The Resurgence of Tulare Lake: A Story of Resilience and Restoration

Rediscovery of Tulare Lake: A triumph of nature and indigenous resilience

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"Image: Aerial view of Tulare Lake, surrounded by greenery and mountains in the distance."
Tulare Lake. (2024, March 31). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulare_Lake

In the heart of California’s San Joaquin Valley lies a tale of nature’s resilience and the enduring spirit of indigenous communities. Tulare Lake, once the largest body of freshwater west of the Mississippi River, vanished from the landscape over a century ago, leaving behind a legacy of environmental and cultural upheaval. But now, in a stunning turn of events, the ancient lake has returned, bringing with it hope, healing, and a renewed sense of connection to the land.

For the Tachi Yokut Tribe, Tulare Lake, known as Pa’ashi, holds deep historical and cultural significance. It was not just a body of water but a lifeline, sustaining both people and wildlife for generations. However, the lake’s disappearance in 1898 marked the beginning of a dark chapter in the region’s history. Indigenous communities were persecuted and displaced, and the land was transformed for farming through draining and irrigation—a testament to the era’s deeply entrenched settler colonialism.

Despite periodic reappearances in the decades that followed, Tulare Lake remained largely absent from the landscape until the barrage of atmospheric rivers that flooded California in 2023. Against all odds, the lake returned, defying expectations and rekindling a sense of wonder among those who witnessed its resurgence. Now, once again stretching across the valley, Tulare Lake serves as a beacon of hope and a symbol of nature’s resilience.

The return of Tulare Lake has brought about a cascade of positive effects, both ecological and cultural. Native species have reclaimed their habitats, and migratory birds once again grace the skies above the Pacific Flyway. For the Tachi Yokut Tribe, the lake’s resurgence represents a return to ancestral lands and traditions. Ceremonies are once again held along its shores, and native plants are being reintroduced, signaling a renewed connection to the land and its natural rhythms.

However, the rejuvenation of Tulare Lake is not without its challenges. The floods have caused significant damage to crops, homes, and infrastructure, posing a dilemma for policymakers and residents alike. Yet, amidst the destruction, there is a growing consensus that Tulare Lake should be allowed to remain. Recognizing its importance as a vital component of the region’s ecosystem, there is a call for a paradigm shift in how we view and interact with the land.

Letting Tulare Lake remain could not only heal the Central Valley’s relationship with water but also serve as a model for ecological restoration and coexistence. As efforts to drain the lake continue, it is imperative that we consider the long-term implications and embrace a more holistic approach to land management—one that prioritizes sustainability, resilience, and respect for indigenous knowledge and stewardship.

In the words of Kenny Barrios, a cultural liaison for the Tachi Yokut Tribe, “The lake is just like us.” Resilient, enduring, and deeply connected to the land, Tulare Lake stands as a testament to the power of nature and the human spirit. As we embark on this journey of restoration and reconciliation, let us draw inspiration from the ancient waters that have returned to reclaim their rightful place in the landscape.

Tulare Lake, also known as Tache Lake in Yokuts language, is a freshwater lake located in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California, United States. It was historically the largest freshwater lake to the west of the Mississippi River. For thousands of years, from the Paleolithic era, Tulare Lake was a uniquely rich area that supported perhaps the largest population of Native Americans north of present-day Mexico.

In the latter half of the 19th century, Tulare Lake was drained by diverting its tributary rivers to support agricultural irrigation and municipal water usage. In contemporary times, it is typically a dry lakebed that features residual wetlands and marshes. The lake only reappears after episodes of unusually high rainfall or snowmelt, as it did in 1942, 1969, 1983, 1997, 1998, and 2023. (Wikipedia)

https://stmdailynews.com/category/science/

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Celebrating National Panda Day: Conservation of Precious Bears

March 16 is National Panda Day – a celebration of these fluffy, bamboo-munching bears and a reminder to protect their environment. #PandaDay

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Every year on March 16th, we come together to celebrate National Panda Day, a delightful occasion dedicated to honoring China’s beloved bamboo-munching bears. As a source of national pride, pandas hold a special place in our hearts. With two subspecies, including the iconic Giant Panda and the smaller Qinling Panda, these magnificent creatures play an essential role in China’s unique ecosystem. While their population status has improved from endangered to vulnerable, we must remain committed to preserving pandas and their habitat. In this blog post, we will explore the significance of pandas, their conservation efforts, and the importance of safeguarding their environment.

The Significance of Pandas and their Habitat:
Pandas, particularly the Giant Panda, are revered for their fluffy black and white coats and captivating presence. These awe-inspiring animals are exclusive to the remote, mountainous regions of China. The Qinling Panda, a smaller brown subspecies, was discovered in the mountain ranges of southern Shaanxi Province in China in 1985. However, both subspecies have a crucial role to play in their respective ecosystems. Giant pandas, in particular, thrive on bamboo forests, spreading seeds as they roam and promoting the growth of new vegetation. This symbiotic relationship nurtures not only pandas but also benefits other wildlife and humans.

Endangered Status and Conservation Efforts:
While the panda population has shown some promising growth, there are still fewer than 2,000 pandas left in the wild due to various threats. Habitat loss, farming activities, fur hunting, and other factors have jeopardized their existence. To combat this, conservation organizations, including 27 zoos around the world, are actively working towards protecting giant pandas and creating environments conducive to reproduction. However, the most critical aspect of preserving pandas is the conservation of their natural environment, especially bamboo forests, which serve as their primary source of nutrition.

The History and Importance of National Panda Day:
The exact origin of National Panda Day remains unclear, but it is undoubtedly a day dedicated to spreading awareness and appreciating the beauty and significance of pandas. In 1961, the creation of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) solidified the panda’s global conservation symbol. The panda’s inclusion in the WWF logo was quite fitting, as this animal represents both beauty and endangerment, garnering love from people worldwide. It has become an emblem for the conservation movement, calling upon individuals and nations to protect endangered species and preserve natural wildlife habitats.

Preserving Pandas and Their Ecosystem:
While pandas are now classified as vulnerable, the battle to protect them is far from over. The efforts of zoos, reforestation initiatives, and conservation campaigns have contributed to the positive change in their status. However, it is crucial to continue protecting their environment. Preservation of the giant panda’s natural habitat not only safeguards the bears themselves but also supports the survival of 70% of the country’s forest birds, 70% of mammals, and 31% of amphibians, according to a scientific paper published by The Society for Conservation Biology in 2015. Pandas are essential for forest health, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure their well-being.


National Panda Day serves as a reminder of the remarkable role pandas play in our natural world. While progress has been made, the conservation journey is ongoing. We must remain steadfast in protecting pandas and their environment to secure their long-term survival. By raising awareness, supporting conservation efforts, and advocating for the preservation of bamboo forests, we can create a future where these adorable, bamboo-munching bears continue to thrive and contribute to the vibrant ecosystems of China and the world. Let’s celebrate National Panda Day and join hands in safeguarding these precious creatures for generations to come.

https://nationaltoday.com/national-panda-day/

https://stmdailynews.com/category/stories-this-moment/

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The Unseen Power of Nature: Los Angeles River’s Dramatic Display

“Los Angeles River’s recent surge reminds us of nature’s might and the remarkable bravery of those who protect and serve.”

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Los Angeles, known for its bustling urban landscape and iconic landmarks, is also home to a hidden natural wonder—the Los Angeles River. While often overlooked, this river, meandering through concrete channels, reveals its formidable force during the rainy season, as recently witnessed in a remarkable turn of events.

By User2004 – Own work by the original uploader, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=855785

In a city where the river’s presence can be overshadowed by the urban sprawl, the recent events served as a powerful reminder of nature’s might. Fueled by an atmospheric river, the usually tranquil waterway transformed into a raging torrent, posing a threat to the flood-control infrastructure and prompting a dramatic rescue.

Amidst this dramatic transformation, a heartwarming yet perilous river rescue unfolded. A man, driven by instinctive bravery, leaped into the churning waters to save his beloved pet. Fortunately, the LA Fire Department swiftly intervened, showcasing the courage and skill of their helicopter crew as they executed a daring rescue, ultimately saving both the man and his loyal companion.

As the river surged, concerns mounted for the vulnerable homeless population residing along its banks. With encampments nestled among its shores, the deluge raised urgent alarms for their safety. First responders and swift-water rescue teams stood ready, highlighting the unwavering commitment to safeguarding every individual impacted by the river’s unpredictable temperament.

This recent episode serves as a poignant reminder of the intricate relationship between urban life and the forces of nature. It underscores the need for continued vigilance and preparedness, especially in a city where the convergence of urban living and natural elements can yield unexpected challenges.

The Los Angeles River’s surge, though brief, illuminates the significance of acknowledging and respecting the inherent power of nature. It also underscores the remarkable bravery and dedication of those who stand ready to protect and serve, even amidst the most formidable circumstances.

In the heart of a bustling metropolis, the Los Angeles River quietly flows, reminding us of the unseen forces that shape our world and the resilience of the human spirit in the face of nature’s awesome power.

Source: Associated Press

https://apnews.com/article/california-storms-los-angeles-river-atmospheric-94e6ad39870432fedb5d0a2464ecc3c1

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