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New tool measures food security duration, severity
Newswise — ITHACA, N.Y. – Researchers from the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management have developed a new method for measuring food insecurity, which for millions of people in the U.S. is more than just an abstract concept.
The group’s probability of food security (PFS) measures the likelihood that a household’s food expenditures equal or exceed the minimum cost of a healthful diet. The researchers then put the PFS to the test, analyzing food security dynamics over a recent 17-year period, and found that a third of U.S. households experienced at least temporary food insecurity.
Seungmin Lee, a doctoral student in the field of applied economics and management, was lead author of “Food Security Dynamics in the United States, 2001-2017,” which published Oct. 26 in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
Co-authors were Chris Barrett, the Stephen B. and Janice G. Ashley Professor of Applied Economics and Management at Dyson, and John Hoddinott, the H.E. Babcock Professor of Food & Nutrition Economics and Policy in the Division of Nutritional Sciences, in the College of Human Ecology.
This research sprang from Barrett and Hoddinott’s previous work examining poverty and food insecurity dynamics in low-income countries. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), at least one in 10 U.S. households has been food insecure in any given year since 1995, when it began reporting its official food security measure, the Food Security Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS-FSS).
The CPS-FSS has its roots in the Radimer-Cornell Hunger Scale, developed by then-doctoral student Kathy Radimer, Ph.D. ’90.
“In the United States, there has been much less work on food insecurity dynamics than in many low-income countries, but it’s no less salient here,” said Barrett, who also has an appointment in the Brooks School of Public Policy. Hoddinott noted that while the U.S. is very wealthy on average, “there is a significant fraction of the population who are really poor and do not have the resources to acquire an adequate and healthy diet.”
While about a third of U.S. households experienced some food insecurity over the 17-year period the team studies, for about half of them, it was just temporary – what the researchers termed “transitory food insecurity.” For the rest, who experience “chronic food insecurity,” more long-term means of food assistance are necessary.
“This matters for policymakers,” Barrett said. “Knowing which sort of food insecurity different people experience is really crucial to designing effective policy to safeguard people’s basic human right to food.”
PFS measures the estimated probability that a household’s food expenditures will equal or exceed the minimal cost of a healthful diet as reflected by the USDA’s Thrifty Food Plan cost, which informs the basis for maximum benefits in the federal government’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, known as SNAP.
The PFS is based on household food expenditure data, and constructed using the estimated association between food expenditures and household characteristics that are strongly associated with food security – including gender, race and educational attainment of the household head.
PFS is calibrated so that the food insecurity prevalence it estimates exactly equals prevalence estimates based on the USDA’s Food Security Scale Score. Thus while the PFS is not identical to food insecurity as currently measured in the U.S., it tracks the official measure in a way that uncovers food insecurity dynamics that cannot be studied using the official measure – in particular, the likely duration and severity of food insecurity.
“How many households are just briefly food insecure and need a food pantry to tide them over, versus one that needs SNAP benefits, or Social Security for those who have disabilities?” Lee said. “That’s where you need to study dynamics, you need to study what happens to people over time.”
For the 17-year period they studied, the researchers found, using PFS, that two-thirds of U.S. households experienced no food insecurity, and of those that became food insecure at any moment in time, on average, more than half regained food security within two years. They also found that households headed by female, non-white or less educated individuals disproportionately suffered persistent or severe food insecurity.
“PFS gives us this ability to distinguish between chronic and transitory food insecurity,” said Hoddinott, who also has appointments at Dyson and in the Department of Global Development. “That’s something that, to the best of our knowledge, no one has been able to do before in the United States. PFS identifies very particular groups with very particular food security needs, and thus allows for potentially a more refined approach to addressing food insecurity issues in the United States.”
This work was supported by grants from the USDA Economic Research Service and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
For additional information, see this Cornell Chronicle story.
Source: Cornell University
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Caitlin Clark, Christine Brennan and how racial stereotypes persist in the media’s WNBA coverage
The “Caitlin Clark effect” has driven record growth in the WNBA, yet Clark’s rookie season ended prematurely, revealing racial tensions and media biases impacting Black athletes’ representation and coverage.
Molly Yanity, University of Rhode Island
The “Caitlin Clark effect,” or the impact on women’s basketball from a ponytailed rookie phenomenon from America’s heartland, is real: The 2024 WNBA season shattered viewership, attendance and merchandise sales records.
Clark, however, didn’t get a chance to compete for a league title.
The Connecticut Sun eliminated Clark’s team, the Indiana Fever, in the first round of the playoffs with a two-game sweep, ending her record rookie-of-the-year campaign.
And it may be just the latest chapter in a complicated saga steeped in race.
During the first game of the series, the fingers of Sun guard DiJonai Carrington hit Clark in the eye as Carrington followed through on a block attempt of a Clark shot.
During the next day’s media availability, USA Today columnist Christine Brennan recorded and posted an exchange between herself and Carrington.
In the brief clip, the veteran sports writer asks Carrington, who is Black, if she purposely hit Clark in the eye during the previous night’s game. Though Carrington insisted she didn’t intentionally hit Clark, Brennan persisted, asking the guard if she and a teammate had laughed about the incident. The questions sparked social media outrage, statements from the players union and the league, media personalities weighing in and more.
Hit the pause button here.
As a longtime sports writer who has covered the WNBA – and as a journalism scholar who studies women’s sports and fandom – I’ll concede that Brennan’s line of questioning seems, on its face, like business as usual in sports journalism.
After all, haven’t most baseball fans seen a scribe ask a pitcher if he intentionally beaned a batter?
But Brennan’s questions were not asked in a vacuum. The emergence of a young, white superstar from the heartland has caused many new WNBA fans to pick sides that fall along racial lines. Brennan’s critics claim she was pushing a line of questioning that has dogged Black athletes for decades: that they are aggressive and undisciplined.
Because of that, her defense of her questions – and her unwillingness to acknowledge the complexities – has left this professor disappointed in one of her journalistic heroes.
Brennan and much of the mainstream sports media, particularly those who cover professional women’s basketball, still seem to have a racial blind spot.
The emergence of a Black, queer league
When the WNBA launched in 1997 in the wake of the success of the 1996 Olympic gold-medal-winning U.S. women’s basketball team, it did so under the watch of the NBA.
The NBA set out to market its new product, in part, to a white, heterosexual fan base.
The plan didn’t take hold.
While the league experienced fits and starts in attendance and TV ratings over its lifetime, the demographic makeup of its players is undeniable: The WNBA is, by and large, a Black, queer league.
In 2020, the Women’s National Basketball Players Association reported that 83% of its members were people of color, with 67% self-reporting as “Black/African-American.” While gender and sexual identity hasn’t been officially reported, a “substantial proportion,” the WNBPA reported, identify as LBGTQ+.
In 2020, the league’s diversity was celebrated as players competed in a “bubble” in Bradenton, Florida, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They protested racial injustice, helped unseat a U.S. senator who also owned Atlanta’s WNBA franchise, and urged voters to oust former President Donald Trump from the White House.
Racial tensions bubble to the surface
In the middle of it all, the WNBA has more eyeballs on it than ever before. And, without mincing words, the fan base has “gotten whiter” since Clark’s debut this past summer, as The Wall Street Journal pointed out in July. Those white viewers of college women’s basketball have emphatically turned their attention to the pro game, in large part due to Clark’s popularity at the University of Iowa.
Money is also pouring into the league through a lucrative media rights deal and new sponsorship partners.
While the rising tide following Clark’s transition to the WNBA is certainly lifting all boats, it is also bringing detritus to the surface in the form of racist jeers from the stands and on social media.
After the Sun dispatched the Fever, All-WNBA forward Alyssa Thomas, who seldom speaks beyond soundbites, said in a postgame news conference: “I think in my 11-year career I’ve never experienced the racial comments from the Indiana Fever fan base. … I’ve never been called the things that I’ve been called on social media, and there’s no place for it.”
Echoes of Bird and Magic
In “Manufacturing Consent,” a seminal work about the U.S. news business, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky argued that media in capitalist environments do not exist to impartially report the news, but to reinforce dominant narratives of the time, even if they are false. Most journalists, they theorized, work to support the status quo.
In sports, you sometimes see that come to light through what media scholars call “the stereotypical narrative” – a style of reporting and writing that relies on old tropes.
Scholars who study sports media have found that reporters routinely fall back on racial stereotypes. For example, coverage of Black quarterbacks in the NFL as less intelligent and more innately gifted would go on to hinder the progress of Black quarterbacks.
In Brennan’s coverage of the Carrington-Clark incident, there appear to be echoes of the way the media covered Los Angeles Lakers point guard Magic Johnson and Boston Celtics forward Larry Bird in the 1980s.
The battles between two of the sport’s greatest players – one Black, the other white – was a windfall for the NBA, lifting the league into financial sustainability.
But to many reporters who leaned on the dominant narrative of the time, the two stars also served as stand-ins for the racial tensions of the post-civil rights era. During the 1980s, Bird and Magic didn’t simply hoop; they were the “embodiments of their races and living symbols of how blacks and whites lived in America,” as scholars Patrick Ferrucci and Earnest Perry wrote.
The media gatekeepers of the Magic-Bird era often relied on racial stereotypes that ultimately distorted both athletes.
For example, early in their careers, Bird and Johnson received different journalistic treatment. In Ferrucci and Perry’s article, they explain how coverage of Bird “fit the dominant narrative of the time perfectly … exhibiting a hardworking and intelligent game that succeeded despite a lack of athletic prowess.” When the “flashy” Lakers and Johnson won, they wrote, it was because of “superior skill.”
When they lost to Bird’s Celtics, they were “outworked.”
Framing matters
Let’s go back to Brennan.
Few have done more for young women in the sports media industry than Brennan. In time, energy and money, she has mentored and supported young women trying to break into the field. She has used her platform to expand the coverage of women’s sports.
Brennan defended herself in a lengthy interview on the podcast “Good Game with Sarah Spain”:
“I think [critics are] missing the fact of what I’m trying to do, what I am doing, what I understand clearly as a journalist, asking questions and putting things out there so that athletes can then have an opportunity to answer issues that are being discussed or out there.”
I don’t think Brennan asking Carrington about the foul was problematic. Persisting with the narrative was.
Leaning into racial stereotypes is not simply about the language used anymore. Brennan’s video of her persistent line of questioning pitted Carrington against Clark. It could be argued that it used the stereotype of the overly physical, aggressive Black athlete, as well.
At best, Brennan has a blind spot to the strain racism is putting on Black athletes today – particularly in the WNBA. At worst, she is digging in on that tired trope.
A blind spot can be addressed and seen. An unacknowledged racist narrative, however, will persist.
Molly Yanity, Professor and Director of Sports media and Communication, University of Rhode Island
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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Diana Gregory Receives Lifetime Achievement Award from AmeriCorps on Behalf of President Biden
Honoring Diana Gregory
In a moment that truly embodies the essence of service and community care, Diana Gregory, the visionary founder of Diana Gregory Outreach Services, has been honored with the esteemed Lifetime Achievement Award from AmeriCorps. This award, presented on behalf of President Joe Biden, took place during a heartfelt ceremony at the VA Health Care System in Phoenix, Arizona, organized by the dedicated leadership of The Order of St. George.
Diana’s selection for this distinguished accolade highlights her extraordinary commitment to fostering positive change and improving the lives of those in her community. Over the past decade, she has passionately addressed critical issues like food insecurity and health awareness, focusing on supporting seniors and veterans. Through her organization, Diana Gregory Outreach Services, she has distributed fresh, nutritious produce to thousands, ensuring that those in need have access to healthy food options.
But Diana’s contributions extend far beyond food distribution; she has also implemented vital health education programs that empower individuals and families, helping them to embrace wellness and make informed choices about their health. This holistic approach has created a transformative impact on underserved communities, reinforcing the importance of access to both nutrition and education.
The Lifetime Achievement Award is an honorable recognition reserved for individuals who have dedicated over 4,000 hours of volunteer service. This milestone is a testament to Diana’s proactive engagement and relentless advocacy for those she serves. Her award serves not only as recognition of her achievements but also as an inspiration for others to follow in her footsteps and contribute to their communities.
The Order of St. George, a respected non-profit organization dedicated to providing humanitarian assistance to refugees, veterans, and the Boy Scouts of America, proudly presented the award. Their involvement signifies the collaborative spirit of various organizations working together to uplift and empower individuals in need, underscoring how interconnected our communities truly are.
As we celebrate Diana Gregory’s well-deserved honor, we recognize the countless lives she has touched and the paths she has paved for a brighter, healthier future. Her remarkable efforts highlight the immense power of community service and the difference every individual can make when they dedicate their time and passion to helping others.
To learn more about Diana Gregory Outreach Services and how you can get involved in her inspiring mission, please visit dianagregory.com. Together, let’s continue the legacy of compassion and service that Diana has so beautifully embodied.
Congratulations, Diana Gregory, on this remarkable achievement! Your dedication is a shining example of what it means to be a true leader and advocate for community well-being. Your work inspires us all to be better, do better, and serve better.
To learn more about Diana Gregory, visit https://dianagregory.com/
Related Link (Original Press Release):
https://www.facebook.com/share/p/177DijAbdG
The Bridge is a section of the STM Daily News Blog meant for diversity, offering real news stories about bona fide community efforts to perpetuate a greater good. The purpose of The Bridge is to connect the divides that separate us, fostering understanding and empathy among different groups. By highlighting positive initiatives and inspirational actions, The Bridge aims to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. This section brings to light stories of individuals and organizations working tirelessly to promote inclusivity, equality, and mutual respect. Through these narratives, readers are encouraged to appreciate the richness of diverse perspectives and to participate actively in building stronger, more cohesive communities.
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(Family Features) The holidays are a time of celebration, cheer and reflection; though for some, they are overshadowed by conflict and emergencies worldwide. From the Middle East to Haiti, Sudan and beyond, children are facing unparalleled crises.
You can make an impact through your holiday traditions and festivities, and create a life-changing difference in the lives of children around the world with meaningful gifts from UNICEF USA and its partners.
Say “Happy Holidays” and support children around the world with UNICEF holiday boxed cards. Choose from charming designs featuring everything from cute critters to messages of peace, joy and friendship. Find these cards at participating IKEA US and Hallmark Gold Crown stores and online at market.unicefusa.org, hallmark.com/unicef and amazon.com.
For those who spend the holidays traveling, Marriott Bonvoy will match five points for each point donated by members to philanthropic partners from Dec. 3-10. Points donated to UNICEF will go toward its mission to ensure every child is healthy, educated, protected and respected. For year-long travelers, Marriott Bonvoy members who earn 50 or 75 qualifying nights in a calendar year are eligible to select UNICEF to benefit from their Annual Choice Benefit with a $100 donation. Learn more about the program, donate points and select your Annual Choice Benefit online through giving.marriott.com.
Give the gift of holiday radiance with The Serum by Clé de Peau Beauté. Whether you are treating yourself or a loved one, this gift is sure to spread some cheer. Since 2019, Clé de Peau Beauté has proudly donated $11.6 million total to UNICEF to support the education and empowerment of girls around the world. Ring in the new year with a self-care routine that also cares for the children of the world. Find out how you can help unlock the power of girls at cledepeaubeaute.com.
Support education worldwide with a donation of 1,000 pencils to UNICEF by purchasing a handcrafted black and white woven pouch that’s stylish and versatile for carrying travel essentials or art supplies. Showcasing the unique Pattu pattern by the Desert Weavers of India, this pouch lets you provide crucial tools for children while delivering hope for a brighter future.
Send five warm blankets to children in crisis and gift your loved ones or yourself with five exclusive handmade UNICEF Snowbaby Wool Ornaments. Crafted by Indian artisan Renu Rani, the ornaments feature four babies in vibrant snowsuits for a touch of holiday cheer.
Create meaningful impact for children fighting to shape their own futures around the world this holiday season by purchasing beautiful, hand-crafted artisan gifts that give back and send lifesaving supplies in the name of your friends and family from market.unicefusa.org.
SOURCE:
UNICEF
The Bridge is a section of the STM Daily News Blog meant for diversity, offering real news stories about bona fide community efforts to perpetuate a greater good. The purpose of The Bridge is to connect the divides that separate us, fostering understanding and empathy among different groups. By highlighting positive initiatives and inspirational actions, The Bridge aims to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. This section brings to light stories of individuals and organizations working tirelessly to promote inclusivity, equality, and mutual respect. Through these narratives, readers are encouraged to appreciate the richness of diverse perspectives and to participate actively in building stronger, more cohesive communities.
https://stmdailynews.com/the-bridge
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